[339] On early evolution-theories see, in addition to Osborn and Radl, J. Arthur Thomson, _The Science of Life_, 1899, and the opening essay in _Darwin and Modern Science_, Cambridge, 1909. [340] _Phil. zool._, ed. Ch. Martins, vol. i., p. 75, 1873. [341] Quotations in the text are from the 2nd Edit. (Deshayes and Milne-Edwards), i., Paris, 1835. [342] For instance, Lucretius:-- "Is tibi nunc animus quali sit corpore et unde constiterit pergam rationem reddere dictis. Principio esse aio persubtilem atque minutis perquam corporibus factum constare." --_De Rerum Natura_, iii., vv. 177-80. [343] Contrast Treviranus--"In every living being there exists a capability of an endless variety of form-assumption; each possesses the power to adapt its organisation to the changes of the outer world, and it is this power, put into action by the change of the universe, that has raised the simple zoophytes of the primitive world to continually higher stages of organisation, and has introduced a countless variety of species into animate Nature." Quoted by Haeckel in _History of Creation_, i., p. 93, 1876. [344] There is no evidence that he was influenced by Erasmus Darwin, who forestalled his evolution theory, and was indeed more aware of its vitalistic implications. See S. Butler, _Evolution, Old and New_, London, 1879, for an excellent account of Erasmus Darwin. [345] As did also Lyell in his _Principles of Geology_, 1830. [346] K. E. von Baer, _Reden_, i., p. 37, Petrograd, 1864. [347] Radl, _loc. cit._, i., p. 296. [348] Reprinted in his _Reden_, i., 1864. [349] See Huxley's criticism of it in a Royal Institution lecture of 1851, republished in _Sci. Mem._, i., pp. 300-4. On its relation to Haeckel's biogenetic law, see below, p. 255. [350] _System der thierischen Morphologie_, p. 5, 1853. [351] _Life and Letters of Charles Darwin_, ed. F. Darwin, i., p. 82, 3rd ed., 1887. [352] _The Foundations of the Origin of Species, a Sketch written in 1842_. Ed. F. Darwin, Cambridge, 1909. [353] _Cf._ a parallel passage in the _Origin_, 1st ed., pp. 485-6. [354] In the 1st ed. (p. 439), Darwin makes the curious mistake of attributing this story to Agassiz. [355] In which nestlings of the different varieties are much more alike than adults. Darwin attached much importance to this idea, see _Life and Letters_, i., p. 88, and ii., p. 338. [356] See his _Letters, passim_.