Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
Meantime, with respect to point A, the general character and use
of squires, you will find the meaning of the word 'Squire' given
in II. 4, as being threefold, like that of Fors. First, it means a
rider; or in more full and perfect sense, a master or governor of
beasts; signifying that a squire has fine sympathy with all beasts
of the field, and understanding of their natures complete enough
to enable him to govern them for their good, and be king over all
creatures, subduing the noxious ones, and cherishing the virtuous
ones. Which is the primal meaning of chivalry, the horse, as the
noblest, because trainablest, of wild creatures, being taken for a
type of them all. Read on this point, IX. 11-13, and if you can see
my larger books, at your library, § 205 of 'Aratra Pentelici;' and
the last lecture in 'Eagle's Nest.' [30] And observe farther that it
follows from what is noted in those places, that to be a good squire,
one must have the instincts of animals as well as those of men; but
that the typical squire is apt to err somewhat on the lower side, and
occasionally to have the instincts of animals instead of those of men.
Secondly. The word 'Squire' means a Shield-bearer;--properly, the
bearer of some superior person's shield; but at all events, the
declarer, by legend, of good deserving and good intention, either
others' or his own; with accompanying statement of his resolution to
defend and maintain the same; and that so persistently that, rather
than lose his shield, he is to make it his death-bed: and so honourably
and without thought of vulgar gain, that it is the last blame of base
governments to become 'shield-sellers;' (compare 'Munera Pulveris,'
§ 127). On this part of the Squire's character I have not yet been
able to insist at any length; but you will find partial suggestion of
the manner in which you may thus become yourselves shield-bearers,
in 'Time and Tide,' §§ 72, 73, and I shall soon have the elementary
copies in my Oxford schools published, and you may then learn, if
you will, somewhat of shield-drawing and painting.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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