Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
For the very essence and primal condition of virtue is that it shall
not know of, nor believe in, any blessed islands, till it find them,
it may be, in due time.
And of these three judges, two were architects, but the third only
a gardener. Æacus helped the gods to build the walls of Troy. Minos
appointed the labyrinth in coils round the Minotaur; but Rhadamanthus
only set trees, with golden fruit on them, beside waters of comfort,
and overlaid the calm waves with lilies.
They did these things, I tell you, in very truth, cloud-hidden indeed;
but the things themselves are with us to this day. No town on earth is
more real than that town of Troy. Her prince, long ago, was dragged
dead round the walls that Æacus built; but her princedom did not die
with him. Only a few weeks since, I was actually standing, as I told
you, with my good friend Mr. Parker, watching the lizards play among
the chinks in the walls built by Æacus, for his wandering Trojans,
by Tiber side. And, perhaps within memory of man, some of you may have
walked up or down Tower Street, little thinking that its tower was also
built by Æacus, for his wandering Trojans and their Cæsar, by Thames
side: and on Tower Hill itself--where I had my pocket picked only
the other day by some of the modern Æacidæ--stands the English Mint,
"dividing" gold and silver which Æacus, first of all Greeks, divided
in his island of Ægina, and struck into intelligible money-stamp and
form, that men might render to Cæsar the things which are Cæsar's.
But the Minos labyrinth is more real yet; at all events, more real
for us. And what it was, and is, as you have seen at Lucca, you shall
hear at Florence, where you are to learn Dante's opinion upon it,
and Sandro Botticelli shall draw it for us.
That Hell, which so many people think the only place Dante gives any
account of, (yet seldom know his account even of that,) was, he tells
you, divided into upper, midmost, and nether pits. You usually lose
sight of this main division of it, in the more complex one of the nine
circles; but remember, these are divided in diminishing proportion:
six of them are the upper hell; two, the midmost; one, the lowest. [34]
You will find this a very pretty and curious proportion. Here it is in
labyrinthine form, putting the three dimensions at right angles to each
other, and drawing a spiral round them. I show you it in a spiral line,
because the idea of descent is in Dante's mind, spiral (as of a worm's
or serpent's coil) throughout; even to the mode of Geryon's flight,
"ruota e discende;" and Minos accordingly indicates which circle any
sinner is to be sent to, in a most graphically labyrinthine manner,
by twisting his tail round himself so many times, necessarily thus
marking the level.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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