Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
No more wandering of the feet in labyrinth like this, and the eyes,
once cruelly tearless, now blind with frozen tears. But the midmost
hell, for hot-blooded sinners, has other sort of lakes,--as, for
instance, you saw a little while ago, of hot pitch, in which one
bathes otherwise than in Serchio--(the Serchio is the river at Lucca,
and Pietrapana a Lucchese mountain). But observe,--for here we get
to our main work again,--the great boiling lake on the Phlegethon of
this upper hell country is red, not black; and its source, as well
as that of the river which freezes beneath, is in this island of
Crete! in the Mount Ida, "joyous once with leaves and streams." You
must look to the passage yourselves--'Inferno,' XIV. (line 120 in
Carey)--for I have not room for it now. The first sight of it, to
Dante, is as "a little brook, whose crimsoned wave Yet lifts my hair
with horror." Virgil makes him look at this spring as the notablest
thing seen by him in hell, since he entered its gate; but the great
lake of it is under a ruinous mountain, like the fallen Alp through
which the Adige foams down to Verona;--and on the crest of this ruin
lies couched the enemy of Theseus--the Minotaur:
"And there,
At point of the disparted ridge, lay stretched
The infamy of Crete--at sight of us
It gnawed itself, as one with rage distract.
To him my guide exclaimed, 'Perchance thou deem'st
The King of Athens here.'"
Of whom and of his enemy, I have time to tell you no more
to-day--except only that this Minotaur is the type or embodiment
of the two essentially bestial sins of Anger and Lust;--that both
these are in the human nature, interwoven inextricably with its
chief virtue, Love, so that Dante makes this very ruin of the Rocks
of hell, on which the Minotaur is couched, to be wrought on them at
the instant when "the Universe was thrilled with love,"--(the last
moment of the Crucifixion)--and that the labyrinth of these passions
is one not fabulous, nor only pictured on coins of Crete. And the
right interweaving of Anger with Love, in criminal justice, is the
main question in earthly law, which the Athenian lawgiver had to
deal with. Look, if you can, at my introductory Lectures at Oxford,
p. 83; and so I must leave Theseus for this time;--in next letter,
which will be chiefly on Christmas cheer, I must really try to get
as far as his vegetable soup.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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