Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
Thus, in a recent debate on the treatment of Canada, [85] Sir
C. Adderley deprecates the continuance of a debate on a question
"purely sentimental." I doubt if Sir C. Adderley knew in the least
what was meant by a sentimental question. It is a purely "sentimental
question," for instance, whether Sir C. Adderley shall, or shall not,
eat his mother, instead of burying her. Similarly, it is a purely
sentimental question, whether, in the siege of Samaria, the mother
who boiled her son and ate him, or the mother who hid her son, was
best fulfilling her duty to society. Similarly, the relations of a
colony to its mother-country, in their truth and depth, are founded on
purely parental and filial instincts, which may be either sentimental
or bestial, but must be one or the other. Sir Charles probably did
not know that the discussion of every such question must therefore
be either sentimental or bestial.
Into one or other, then, of these two forms of sentiment, conjugal
and family love, or compassion, all human happiness, properly so
called, resolves itself; but the spurious or counter-happiness of
lust, covetousness, and vanity being easily obtained, and naturally
grasped at, instead, may altogether occupy the lives of men, without
ever allowing them to know what happiness means.
But in the use I have just made of the word 'compassion', I
mean something very different from what is usually understood by
it. Compassion is the Latin form of the Greek word 'sympathy'--the
English for both is 'fellow-feeling'; and the condition of delight
in characters higher than our own is more truly to be understood by
the word 'compassion' than the pain of pity for those inferior to our
own; but in either case, the imaginative understanding of the natures
of others, and the power of putting ourselves in their place, is the
faculty on which the virtue depends. So that an unimaginative person
can neither be reverent nor kind. The main use of works of fiction,
and of the drama, is to supply, as far as possible, the defect of
this imagination in common minds. But there is a curious difference
in the nature of these works themselves, dependent on the degree
of imaginative power of the writers, which I must at once explain,
else I can neither answer for you my own question put in last 'Fors,'
why Scott could not write a play, nor show you, which is my present
object, the real nature of sentiment.
Do you know, in the first place, what a play is? or what a poem
is? or what a novel is? That is to say, do you know the perpetual
and necessary distinctions in literary aim which have brought these
distinctive names into use? You had better first, for clearness' sake,
call all the three 'poems,' for all the three are so, when they are
good, whether written in verse or prose. All truly imaginative account
of man is poetic; but there are three essential kinds of poetry,--one
dramatic, one lyric, and one epic.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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