Fors Clavigera (Volume 4 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
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Fors Clavigera (Volume 4 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
[50] It is possible that this lending office may have been organised as
a method of charity, corresponding to the original Monte di Pieta, the
modern clergymen having imagined, in consequence of the common error
about interest, that they could improve the system of Venice by
ignoring its main condition—the lending gratis,—and benefit themselves
at the same time.
[51] Read Isaiah vi. through carefully.
[52] The reader will perhaps now begin to see the true bearing of the
earlier letters in Fors. Re-read, with this letter, that on the
campaign of Crecy.
[53] I wish I could find room also for the short passages I omit; but
one I quoted before, “As no one will deny that man possesses
carnivorous teeth,” etc., and the others introduce collateral
statements equally absurd, but with which at present we are not
concerned.
[54] I must warn you against the false reading of the original, in many
editions. Fournier’s five volume one is altogether a later text, in
some cases with interesting intentional modifications, probably of the
fifteenth century; but oftener with destruction of the older meaning.
It gives this couplet, for instance,—
“Si n’avoit el plaisir de rien,
Que quant elle donnoit du sien.”
The old reading is,
“Si n’avoit elle joie de rien,
Fors quant elle povoit dire, ‘tien.’
Didot’s edition, Paris, 1814, is founded on very early and valuable
texts; but it is difficult to read. Chaucer has translated a text some
twenty or thirty years later in style; and his English is quite
trustworthy as far as it is carried. For the rest of the Romanee,
Fournier’s text is practically good enough, and easily readable.
[55] Fr. ‘chetive,’ rhyming accurately to ‘ententive.’
[56] Fr. Sarrasinesse.
[57] Even after eighteen hundred years of sermons, the Christian public
do not clearly understand that ‘two coats,’ in the brief sermon of the
Baptist to repentance, mean also, two petticoats, and the like.
I am glad that Fors obliges me to finish this letter at Lucca, under
the special protection of St. Martin.
[58] Fr.,
“Si que par oula la chemise
Lui blancheoit la char alise.”
Look out ‘Alice,’ in Miss Yonge’s Dictionary of Christian Names and
remember Alice of Salisbury.
[59] I believe the pale roses are meant to be white, but are tinged
with red that they may not contend with the symbolic brightness of the
lilies.
[60] Macintosh, 24, Paternoster Row.
[61] 2 Esdras iv. 4.
[62] See ‘Modern Painters,’ vol. iii., “The Firmament.”
[63] Compare Dante, Purg., end of Canto V.
[64] See the part of examination respecting communication held with the
brother of the prisoner.
[65] See statement at close of accounts.
[66] See second letter in Notes and Correspondence.
[67] I don’t know how far it turned out to be true,—a fight between a
dwarf and a bulldog (both chained to stakes as in Roman days),
described at length in some journals.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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