Fors Clavigera (Volume 5 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 5 of 8): Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
Sad-eyed! Little did Shakespeare think, I fancy, how many eyes the
sad-eyed Justice had! or how ill she saw with them. I continually
notice the bees at Brantwood flying rapturously up to the flowers on my
wall paper, and knocking themselves against them, again and again,
unconvinceable of their fallacy; and it is no compliment to the wall
paper or its artist, neither—for the flowers are only conventional
ones, copied from a radiant Bishop’s cloak of the fifteenth century.
It is curious too, that although before coming to the leaf-cutting bee,
Bingley expatiates on the Poppy bees’ luxurious tapestry, cut from the
scarlet poppy, he never considers whether she could see it, or not,
underground—(unless by help of the fiery glowworms’ eyes)—and still
less, how long the cut leaves would remain scarlet. Then I am told
wonderful things of the clasping of the curtains of her little
tabernacle;—but when the curtains dry, and shrink, what then?
Let us hear what he tells us of the Rose bee, however—in full.
“These bees construct cylindrical nests of the leaves of the rose and
other trees. These nests are sometimes of the depth of six inches, and
generally consist of six or seven cells, each shaped like a thimble.
[21] They are formed with the convex end of one fitting into the open
end of another. The portions of the leaf of which they are made are not
glued together, [22] nor are they any otherwise fastened, than in the
nicety of their adjustment to each other; and yet they do not admit the
liquid honey to drain through them. The interior surface of each cell
consists of three pieces of leaf, of equal size, narrow at one end, but
gradually widening to the other, where the width equals half the
length. One side of each of these pieces, is the serrated margin of the
leaf. In forming the cell, the pieces of leaf are made to lap one over
the other, (the serrated side always outermost,) till a tube is thus
formed, coated with three or four, or more layers. In coating these
tubes, the provident little animal is careful to lay the middle of each
piece of leaf over the margins of others, so as, by this means, both to
cover and strengthen the junctions. At the closed or narrow end of the
cell, the leaves are bent down so as to form a convex termination. When
a cell is formed, the next care of the Bee is to fill it with honey and
pollen, which, being collected chiefly from the thistles, form a
rose-coloured paste. With these the cell is filled to within about half
a line of its orifice; and the female then deposits in it an egg, and
closes it with three perfectly circular pieces of leaf, which coincide
so exactly with the walls of the cylindrical cell, as to be retained in
their situation without any gluten. [23] After this covering is fitted
in, there still remains a hollow, which receives the convex end of the
succeeding cell. In this manner the patient and indefatigable animal
proceeds, till her whole cylinder of six or seven cells is completed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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