Fors Clavigera (Volume 6 of 8): $b Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great BritainRuskin, John
General
Fors Clavigera (Volume 6 of 8): $b Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain
Ruskin, John
Aesthetics; Conduct of life; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 19th century; Social problems; Working class -- Great Britain
Witness: I don’t know. They asked me to sign the paper, and I signed
it. I was not sober.
Re-examined by Mr. Hawkins: Witness was sent for to the Bull. He
received there, after making his statement, two glasses of beer, and
5s. in money—the latter from Mr. Ough.
Henry Lodge said that on the afternoon of the election he was in
Farrar’s beerhouse, in Westgate. Blade was there ‘fresh,’ and taking
three half-sovereigns from his pocket, he threw them on the table, and
said, ‘That’s the sort to have.’
James Meeghan, an Irish labourer, said that he was a voter for the
borough, and on the polling day was canvassed by Mr. Kay for the
Conservatives. He met Mr. Kay in the polling booth, and received from
him 10s. Before voting, witness said to Mr. Kay that he was a poor man
and could not afford to lose his day’s wage. Mr. Kay said, ‘I can’t
give you a bribe—that’s against the law; but as you have had to pay
your mates for doing your work, you shall have something.’ In the
polling station Mr. Kay held a half-sovereign in his hand, behind him,
and witness took it.
Cross-examined: Mr. Kay offered witness the 10s. out of his own pocket.
Mr. Russell (to the Judge): What this man says is quite true. Mr. Kay
does not deny that he gave him half a sovereign for his loss of time.
Patrick M’Hugh, an Irish labourer, and a voter in the Northgate Ward,
said that on the polling day he visited the Conservative Committee-room
at the Zetland School, and saw Mr. Tom Howden. Mr. Howden said, ‘Are
you going to vote?’ Witness replied, ‘I suppose so;’ and Mr. Howden
said, ‘Come this way and I’ll show you how.’ Witness was taken into a
back room, and there Mr. Howden said, ‘Well, how much?’ Witness said,
‘Three,’ and Mr. Howden took them out of his pocket (three sovereigns),
and said, ‘See there.’ Witness took the money and voted. He had, since
receiving his subpœna, been away from Wakefield.
Cross-examined: Witness had visited Harrogate—staying a week there to
take the waters—(laughter),—and afterwards Thirsk. He paid his own
expenses and travelled alone, having been recommended by a doctor to go
away for the benefit of his health.
Mr. Russell: Who was the doctor?
Witness: Mr. Unthank—(great laughter);—Mr. Unthank being a chemist, and
a prominent Liberal. He said that if I could go, and was strong enough,
a bit of an out would do me good. (Laughter.) The £3 that I received at
the election supported me while I was away.
James Wright, a police officer of the borough of Wakefield, said that
on the polling day he was acting as door-keeper at the Zetland Street
polling station, and observed Mr. Priestly hand some money to one who
presented himself as a voter. Witness followed the voter into the
booth, and pointed him out to his superior officer. The man voted, and
then left. Mr. Priestly was busily employed during the polling hours in
conducting voters from the Conservative committee-room to the polling
station.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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