This was published in 1861, and would accord entirely with what we know of the butterflies of Aix and their nearest allies. But eleven years later, after studying the great amount of material which had meanwhile accumulated, Saporta seems to have reached different conclusions, for in his _Revision de la Flore des Gypses d’Aix_ he states that the affinities of the eocene vegetation of Aix are with southeastern Asia and with Africa, and lists of analogous species are given, showing that twenty-two Aix species are to be compared with similar types in Asia, and forty with those of Africa. So that African forms much surpass the Asiatic in the eocene flora of Aix. This is particularly true, he says, with reference to the region of Africa between Abyssinia and the Cape of Good Hope. “C’est là évidemment le pays qui nous offre le tableau le plus ressemblant de ce que devait être le midi de la France, et c’est aussi vers ce même pays, ne l’oublions pas, que nous avons été ramenés par l’examen des autres élémens de la flore, spécialement par la proportion relative des deux grandes classes et des familles prédominantes.”[AS] The African element seems to be almost altogether wanting in the eocene butterflies, while the Asiatic predominates. In a chart accompanying Count Saporta’s paper, however, he represents the present limits of the _principal genera_ noticed in the flora of the gypsum of Aix by means of colored lines. These lines cluster remarkably along the southern borders of Asia and extend over a large part of Africa and across the ocean to America, and particularly toward the southern United States and the Antilles. Based on the distribution of these principal genera alone, the flora of the southern border of Asia would show a closer affinity to that of eocene Aix than would that of any equivalent belt in Africa; and if we may suppose that our relics of butterflies represent the principal genera then existing, we should trace a somewhat similar chart, but for the entire absence of African types; for subtropical American types mingle with those of the Mediterranean district and especially with those of the Indo-Malayan region. Count Saporta shows in his memoir just quoted, as before, that the relations of the eocene flora of Aix to that of the present Mediterranean basin were more restricted than its relations to exotic types, but in a letter to me he writes: “Ces affinités [les affinités présumées de la flore d’Aix] sont d’une part avec la région Méditerranéen, de l’autre avec l’Afrique et les Indes orientales. Les affinités miocènes avec l’Amérique sont postérieures.” These later American affinities are, however, foreshadowed among the plants and also, as we have seen, in the Pamphilites of eocene Aix. They appear again, and very decidedly, when we reach the miocene itself, for the affinities of the butterfly from Rott, and two of the later butterflies from Radoboj (where first we meet with truly modern types), are certainly