1. _Acicularia Andrussowi_ Solms[302]. Fig. 33, C and D. This species was first described by Andrussow[303] as _Acetabularia miocenica_ from the Crimea. It occurs in Miocene rocks south of Sevastopol, and, with _Ostrea_ and _Pecten_, forms masses of white limestone. In each sporangial ray of the disc the cavity contains a calcareous spicula bearing spore cavities in four rows. “Round each spore-cavity there is a circular zone which stands out, when viewed in reflected light, through its white colour against the central mass of the spicule, though a sharp contour is not visible[304].” Fig. 33, C, is taken from a somewhat diagrammatic sketch by Andrussow; it shows ten of the fertile rays of the disc. The thick walls of the chambers are seen in the two lowest rays, and in the next two rays the spore-cavities are represented. A more accurate drawing, from Solms-Laubach’s memoir, is reproduced in fig. 33, D. The calcareous spicule with numerous spore-cavities shown in fig. 33, H, is from a fertile ray of the recent species _Acicularia Schencki_. This corresponds to the spore-containing calcareous matrix in each ray of the disc of _Acicularia Andrussowi_ Solms. The spicule copied in fig. 33, F from one of Carpenter’s drawings[305] of an Eocene specimen bears the closest resemblance to the recent spicule of fig. 33, H, and emphasizes the very close relationship between the fossil forms and the single rare tropical species. 2. _Acicularia miocenica_ Reuss. Another Tertiary species has been described under this name by Reuss[306] from the Miocene of the Vienna district, from the Leithakalk of Moravia and elsewhere. It agrees very closely with the recent species _A. Schencki_. A section of one of the spicules of this species is shown in fig. 33, E; the dark patches represent the pockets in the calcareous spicule which were originally occupied by sporangia and spores. _Cymopolia_. Fig. 33, A, B, M and N. The genus _Cymopolia_ is at present represented by two species, _C. barbata_ (L.) and _C. mexicana_, Ag., living in the Gulf of Mexico and off the Canary Islands. _Cymopolia_ and _Acetabularia_, with several other calcareous algae, are figured by Ellis and other writers as members of the animal kingdom. Ellis speaks of the species of _Cymopolia_ which he figures as the Rosary Bead-Coralline of Jamaica.