Fossil plants, Vol. 1 : $b [A text-book] for students of botany and geologySeward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Science
Fossil plants, Vol. 1 : $b [A text-book] for students of botany and geology
Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Paleobotany
Other Palaeozoic species of _Equisetites_ have been recorded, but with
one exception these need not be dealt with, as they do not add anything
to our knowledge of botanical importance. The specimen described
in the _Flore de Commentry_ as _Equisetites Monyi_, by Renault and
Zeiller[506], differs from most of the other Palaeozoic species of
_Equisetites_, in the fact that we have a stem with short internodes
bearing a leaf-sheath at each node divided into comparatively long
and distinct teeth. This species presents a close agreement with
specimens of _Calamitina_, but Renault and Zeiller consider that it is
generically distinct. They suggest that the English species, originally
described and figured by Lindley and Hutton[507] as _Hippurites
gigantea_, and now usually spoken of as _Calamitina_, should be
named _Equisetites_. It would probably be better to adopt the name
_Calamitina_ for the French species. The type-specimen of this species
is in the Natural History Museum, Paris.
[Sidenote: EQUISETITES PLATYODON.]
[Illustration: FIG. 59. _Equisetites platyodon_ Brongn. (After
Schoenlein, slightly reduced.)]
When we pass from the Permian to the Triassic period, we find large
casts of very modern-looking Equisetaceous stems which must clearly be
referred to the genus _Equisetites_. The portion of a stem represented
in fig. 59 known as _Equisetites platyodon_ Brongn.[508] affords an
example of a Triassic Equisetaceous stem with a clearly preserved
leaf-sheath. The stem measures about 6 cm. in diameter. One of the
oldest known Triassic species is _Equisetites Mougeoti_[509] (Brongn.)
from the Bunter series of the Vosges.
The Keuper species _E. arenaceus_ is, however, more completely known.
The specimens referred to this species are very striking fossils; they
agree in all external characters with recent Horse-tails but greatly
exceed them in dimensions.
4. _Equisetites arenaceus_ Bronn.
This plant has been found in the Triassic rocks of various parts of
Germany and France; it occurs in the Lettenkohl group (Lower Keuper),
as well as in the Middle Keuper of Stuttgart and elsewhere. The species
may be defined as follows:—
Rhizome from 8–14 cm. in diameter, with short internodes,
bearing lateral ovate tubers. Aerial shoots from 4–12 cm. in
diameter, bearing whorls of branches, and leaf-sheaths made up
of 110–120 coherent uni-nerved linear segments terminating in an
apical lanceolate tooth. Strobili oval, consisting of crowded
sporangiophores with pentagonal and hexagonal peltate terminations.
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