characterises the stems of Lepidodendra and many Sigillariae is also favourable to the same interpretation. In 1872 Mr Carruthers[394] described some fossils from Queensland, some of which appear to be identical with that shown in fig. 187 under the name _Lepidodendron nothum_, Unger[395], a species founded on Upper Devonian specimens from Thuringia. The Queensland plant is probably identical with Dawson’s Canadian species, _Leptophloeum rhombicum_[396]. In 1874 M’Coy[397] instituted the name _Lepidodendron australe_ for some Lower Carboniferous specimens from Victoria, Australia: these are in all probability identical with the Queensland fossils referred by Carruthers to Unger’s species, but as the identity of the German and Australian plants is very doubtful[398] it is better to adopt M’Coy’s specific designation. Krasser[399] has described a similar, but probably not specifically identical, type from China; from Devonian rocks of Spitzbergen Nathorst[400] has figured, under the name _Bergeria_, an example of this form of stem, and Szajnocha[401] has described other specimens from Lower Carboniferous strata in the Argentine. _Lepidodendron australe_ has been recorded from several Australian localities[402] from strata below those containing the genus _Glossopteris_ and other members of the Glossopteris, or, as it has recently been re-christened, the Gangamopteris[403] Flora. viii. _Fertile shoots of_ Lepidodendron. A. _Lepidostrobus._ The generic name _Lepidostrobus_ was first used by Brongniart[404] for the cones of _Lepidodendron_, the type-species of the genus being _Lepidostrobus ornatus_, the designation given by the author of the genus to a Lepidostrobus previously figured by Parkinson[405] in his _Organic Remains of a Former World_. The generic name _Flemingites_ proposed by Carruthers[406] in 1865, under a misapprehension as to the nature of spores which he identified as sporangia, was applied to specimens of true _Lepidostrobi_. Brongniart also instituted the generic name _Lepidophyllum_ for detached leaves of _Lepidodendron_, both vegetative and fertile; the specimen figured by him in 1822 as _Filicites_ (_Glossopteris_) _dubius_[407], and which was afterwards made the type-species of the genus, was recognised as being a portion of the lanceolate limb of a large single-veined sporophyll belonging to a species of _Lepidostrobus_. In an unusually large _Lepidophyllum_, or detached sporophyll of _Lepidostrobus_, in the Manchester University Museum, the free laminar portion reaches a length of 8 cm.