species at least the strobili were borne terminally on slender shoots (fig. 213). The Ulodendron condition has so far been recognised in one species only, _B. punctatum_. In his catalogue of Palaeozoic plants, Kidston[613] included _Bothrodendron punctatum_ as a synonym of _Sigillaria discophora_ König, a mistake which he afterwards rectified[614]: the generic name _Bothrodendron_ was generally ignored by authors in the belief that the specimens described by Lindley and Hutton were not generically distinct from the fossils originally figured by Rhode as _Ulodendron_. It was Prof. Zeiller who first demonstrated that the English authors were justified in their choice of a new designation for stems with large depressions in association with minute leaf-scars. In 1859 Haughton[615] proposed a new family name Cyclostigmaceae for some Upper Devonian plants from County Kilkenny, Ireland: he described three species of his new genus _Cyclostigma_, _Cyclostigma kiltorkense, C. minutum_, and _C. Griffithsi_; these are now generally recognised as a single species of _Bothrodendron_, though, as Nathorst suggests, the Irish plant should perhaps be separated as a sub-genus _Bothrodendron_ (_Cyclostigma_) by reason of certain minor differences which distinguish it from other species of the genus. [Illustration: FIG. 211. _Bothrodendron punctatum._ Part of a specimen from near Mons (Hainaut), in the Brussels Museum. (Reduced.)] Another generic name, _Rhytidodendron_, was instituted by Boulay in 1876 for stems characterised by a finely wrinkled bark and small spirally disposed leaf-scars. A short description of this type, which occurs in the Middle and Lower Coal-Measures, may serve to illustrate the external features of the commonest British example of the genus. _a. Bothrodendron minutifolium_ (Boulay.) Figs. 212, A, C, D; 213. 1875. _Lycopodium carbonaceum_ (_Lycopodites carbonaceus_), Feistmantel, Palaeontographica XXXIII., Pl. XXX. figs. 1, 2; p. 183. 1876. _Rhytidodendron minutifolium_, Boulay, Terr. Houill. Nord France, p. 39, Pl. III. fig. 1. 1886. _Bothrodendron minutifolium_, Zeiller, Bull. Soc. Géol. France [iii] XIV. p. 176, Pl. IX. figs. 1, 2. 1888. _Lepidostrobus Olryi_, Zeiller, Flor. Valenciennes, p. 502, Pl. LXXVII. fig. 1. 1889. _Bothrodendron minutifolium_, Kidston, Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh, Vol. XXXV. Pt. ii. 1893. _Sigillaria_ (_Bothrodendron_) _minutifolia_, Weiss and Sterzel, K. Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt, Heft 2, p. 49, Pl. I. figs. 3 and 4; Pl. II. figs. 8 and 9. 1904. _Bothrodendron minutifolium_, Zalessky, Mém. Com. Géol. Russie, Pl. VI. fig. 6. [Illustration: FIG. 212. _Bothrodendron._