The long and narrow cones referred to _Bothrodendron minutifolium_ from English and French Coal-Measures are known only as impressions and it is not possible to say whether they were heterosporous or homosporous; the drawing given by Zeiller (Fig. 212, E) shows that the sporangia were of the same form as those in _Lepidostrobus_, but we have no more exact information as to their morphology. A recently published description of a petrified strobilus by Mr Watson affords a welcome addition to our knowledge. There is little doubt that this cone was borne by a species of _Bothrodendron_; the evidence for this conclusion is supplied by the agreement of the anatomical characters of the stele with that of the vegetative shoots originally described by Williamson as _Lepidodendron mundum_ and by the constant association of the cones and vegetative shoots. In 1880 Williamson described a crushed cone containing both megaspores and microspores which he spoke of as “a diminutive organism, reminding us more of the dwarfed fruits of many living Selaginellas than of the large _Lepidostrobi_[647].” Watson’s specimens enable us to give a more complete account of this type. The axis of the strobilus bears short sporophylls bent upwards into a distal limb with a conspicuous ligule in a deep pit beyond the shortly stalked sporangium. The length of the strobilus is estimated at 10 mm.; the stele is of the same type as that of _Bothrodendron mundum_, but it differs from the specimens of the vegetative shoots so far found in having some secondary xylem. As shown in the sketch reproduced in fig. 216 each sporophyll is characterised by two tangentially placed grooves, _g_, on the lower face, and by numerous transfusion tracheids, _tr_, above the vascular bundle, _vb_, immediately below the ligule, _l_. Megasporangia and microsporangia occur on the same cone, the megasporangia being on the lower sporophylls and containing a single tetrad of megaspores. Fig. 219, E, shows a radial longitudinal section of a microsporophyll bearing a sporangium on the adaxial side of the ligule, _l_, below which is the single vascular bundle and a group of short tracheids at _t_. The sporangia closely resemble those of species of _Selaginella_ and _Lycopodium_ and, as pointed out by Watson[648], they also recall the sporangia of the Palaeozoic genus _Spencerites_. _Bothrostrobus_ is distinguished from _Spencerites_ by the presence of a ligule, by the structure of the axis, and by the different form of the sporophylls. The occurrence of four spores only in the megasporangia is another character in which the extinct type resembles recent Lycopods. It is impossible to decide whether Watson’s cone represents a more or a less primitive type than _Lepidostrobus_: if we accept Professor Bower’s views in regard to the evolution of vegetative organs by the sterilisation of sporogenous tissue, we should probably place _Lepidostrobus_ lower in the series than _Bothrostrobus_; but