Fossil plants, Vol. 2 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geologySeward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Science
Fossil plants, Vol. 2 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geology
Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Paleobotany
As we pass upwards to Wealden and more recent rocks it becomes clear
that the Gleicheniaceae were prominent members of late Mesozoic floras
in north Europe and reached as far north as Disco Island. In English
Wealden beds portions of sterile fronds have been found which were
assigned to a new genus _Leckenbya_[861], but it is probable that these
specimens would be more correctly referred to _Gleichenites_. Similarly
fragments of Gleichenia-like pinnae with very small rounded pinnules
occur in the Wealden rocks of Bernissart, Belgium[862], in north
Germany[863], and elsewhere. Conclusive evidence has been obtained by
Prof. Bommer of the existence of _Gleichenites_ in Wealden beds near
Brussels, where many plant remains have been found in a wonderful
state of preservation. The specimens, which I had an opportunity of
seeing some years ago, might easily be mistaken for rather old and
brown pieces of recent plants. Some of the Belgian fragments, of
which Prof. Bommer has kindly sent me drawings and photographs, are
characterised by an arrangement of vascular tissue identical with that
in the petioles and rhizomes of some protostelic Gleichenias. The stele
of one of the Belgian rhizomes appears to be identical with that of
_Gleichenia dicarpa_ (fig. 237, C. p. 310).
[Illustration: FIG. 262.
A. _Gleichenites longipennis_ Heer.
B. _G. delicatula_ Heer.
C. _G. Nordenskioldi_ Heer.
D. _G. Zippei_. (Corda.)
(After Heer; A, B, D, very slightly reduced.)]
_Gleichenites Zippei_ (Corda). Fig. 262, D.
This species, originally described by Corda as _Pecopteris Zippei_[864]
and afterwards figured by Heer[865] as _Gleichenia Zippei_ (fig. 262,
D) from Urgonian rocks of Greenland, affords a striking example of a
Mesozoic member of the _Gleicheniaceae_. It is characterised by the
dichotomous branching of the frond and by the occurrence of arrested
buds in the forks. The long and slender pinnae, reaching a length of 9
cm. and a breadth of 6–8 mm., bear small crowded pinnules occasionally
with circular sori which are described by Heer as consisting of a small
number of sporangia (cf. fig. 262, C). Several other Lower Cretaceous
species are recorded by Heer from Greenland, some of which are probably
unnecessarily separated from _Gleichenites Zippei_. Examples of these
are represented in fig. 262, A, B, C.
A Gleicheniaceous species described by Debey and Ettingshausen
from Lower Cretaceous rocks of Aix-la-Chapelle as _Didymosorus
comptonifolius_[866] is very similar in habit to some of Heer’s
Greenland species: this should probably be referred to the genus
_Gleichenites_.
_Gleichenites hantonensis_, Wank. Fig. 263.
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