Prof. Lignier[567] has described the structure of fragments of adult leaves from the Stephanian of Grand’ Croix (Loire) which he refers to _Cordaites lingulatus_, and the same author gives an interesting account of the anatomical features of a bud of the same species. The bud, which resembles in general appearance that of _Dolerophyllum_ (fig. 430, p. 133) is 3 cm. long, oval in transverse section—as the result of compression—and consists of four convolute leaves and a piece of a fifth. The outer leaves have 75 to 80 veins: the inner laminae are sinistral in their curvature while the three outer leaves are dextral. In the second, the first in which the tissues are recognisable, the small desmogen-strands afford some evidence that the phloem preceded the xylem in the order of differentiation as is often the case in recent plants. The first tracheids occur almost in the centre of the desmogen-strand and to these are added the other tracheids of the centripetal xylem, the oldest elements being spiral, the next scalariform and the later tracheids reticulate. The centrifugal xylem is formed at a later stage, and at about the same time are differentiated the elements called by Dr Stopes the inner sheath and by Lignier the ‘bois diaphragmatique.’ Lignier also describes the development and structural features of the other tissues of the young leaves and compares the anatomical features of the French leaves with those of _Cordaites Felicis_ described by Prof. Benson. The main features of _Cordaites_ leaves are (i) the presence of two kinds of xylem in the veins, the larger centripetal tracheids, or chief water-conducting elements, and the narrower tracheids, in some cases attached to the sides of the centripetal xylem, in others forming free groups, usually between the protoxylem and the phloem, but sometimes enclosing the phloem; (ii) the frequent presence of a well-defined sheath of cells round each vein composed of comparatively thick-walled elements comparable with the transfusion-tracheids in Conifers; (iii) the presence of lacunar tissue in the centre of the mesophyll and in some cases of transversely extended tracheids similar to those in some Podocarp leaves; (iv) a well-developed system of stereome-strands and I-shaped girders. The structural features on the whole suggest a xerophilous type, and the frequent absence or feeble development of palisade tissue points to diffused rather than to brilliant sunlight.