Dr Arber[680] in naming this species, from the Newcastle (Permo-Carboniferous) Series of New South Wales, _Dadoxylon australe_, does not mention Crié’s earlier account of some wood from New Caledonia under the name _Araucarioxylon australe_[681]. The latter generic name according to the usage adopted in this volume should be superseded by _Dadoxylon_, and this necessitates a fresh specific name for Arber’s specimens. The name _Nicoli_ is suggested in place of _australe_, as the sections on which Arber founded his species form part of the Nicol collection in the British Museum. The xylem shows distinct rings of growth, a feature also seen in Indian stems of approximately the same geological age and recorded by Shirley[682] in wood from Queensland which needs more careful examination. The bordered pits, usually multiseriate and contiguous, are not infrequently in 1–2 rows and separate. The uniseriate medullary rays are very numerous as in White’s Brazilian species _D. nummularium_, and as a rule 6–12 cells deep. Some well-preserved specimens from Permo-Carboniferous strata in Natal and Zululand have been described by Warren[683] as _Dadoxylon australe_ Arb., showing interesting anatomical features, but the material almost certainly includes more than one specific type and would repay more detailed investigation. _Dadoxylon materiarum_ Dawson. This species was described by Dawson[684] from Carboniferous strata in Nova Scotia and afterwards referred by Penhallow[685] to the genus _Cordaites_. In the transverse section reproduced in fig. 474, A, the tracheid-walls have been reduced in thickness by partial decay, but some of the bordered pits are clearly shown on the radial walls; the pits usually form 2–4 contiguous rows (fig. 475) in some cases with an oblique pore while others are represented either by the outer border of the pit or by the pore only. The narrow medullary rays are as a rule uniseriate and may be 60 cells deep (fig. 474, B). Dawson states that some specimens have large _Artisia_ pith-casts, a fact that formerly would have been regarded as proof of the _Cordaites_ nature of the wood, but in the absence of evidence with regard to the nature of the primary xylem it is impossible to say whether the stem is _Cordaites_ or _Mesoxylon_. _Dadoxylon_ sp. Some wood received from Mr Leslie, collected at Vereeniging, South Africa, in Permo-Carboniferous rocks, shows well-defined rings of growth. The pits form either a single row, a double, alternate and contiguous row, or rarely three series on the tracheid walls. The medullary rays are usually uniseriate and 1–30 cells deep. _Dadoxylon Kayi_ Arber.