In 1822 Brongniart[699] described a small bud-like fossil of Tertiary age as _Antholithes liliacea_, and this generic name in the form _Antholithus_ became widely used for fertile shoots or flowers from different geological horizons. As knowledge became more precise other names replaced _Antholithus_, though Renault[700] retained it for some inflorescences from Commentry which could not definitely be included in _Cordaites_. Lindley and Hutton[701] employed the genus for a specimen, now recognised as a Cordaitean fertile shoot, from the Coal Measures which they called _Antholithus Pitcairniae_, the specific name being chosen to indicate a possible affinity to the Bromeliaceous genus _Pitcairnia_. A few years later Morris[702] described a similar inflorescence as _A. anomalus_. In 1872 Carruthers[703] substituted Brongniart’s term _Cardiocarpon_ for _Antholithus_ and called _A. Pitcairniae Cardiocarpon Lindleyi_ and Morris’s species _C. anomalum_. The specific name _Lindleyi_ has been widely adopted, but there would seem to be no adequate reason for disregarding the priority-rule. It is, however, customary to use Grand’Eury’s term _Cordaianthus_ for all Cordaitean inflorescences. Goeppert[704] suggested the name _Botryoconus_ for an inflorescence similar to _C. Pitcairniae_ and for this C. E. Weiss[705] substituted _Noeggerathianthus_ on the ground that he considered Goeppert’s specimen to be the male inflorescence of _Noeggerathia_. Grand’Eury resuscitated _Botryoconus_[706] for some spikes from the Gard coalfield connected by him with _Dory-Cordaites_. The nature of the seeds borne by the inflorescences has largely influenced authors in the choice of a generic name: Carruthers used _Cardiocarpon_ while Zeiller[707] speaks of _Samaropsis Pitcairniae_. The genus _Cardiocarpon_ was founded by Brongniart for compressed cordiform seeds, but it was not until later that their gymnospermous nature was recognised. Further reference to the nomenclature of seeds of the _Cardiocarpon_ type will be found in Chapter +xxxv.+ The correlation by Grand’Eury and other authors of different species of inflorescences and species of _Cordaites_ is frequently based on association, and in the absence of more satisfactory evidence the safer course is to deal with Cordaitean fertile shoots in a general sense. [Illustration: Fig. 479. _Cordaianthus._ From the Middle Coal Measures of Lancashire. (Manchester Museum; ⅓ nat. size.)]