Fossil plants, Vol. 3 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geologySeward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Science
Fossil plants, Vol. 3 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geology
Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Paleobotany
_Cordaispermum_. This designation was formerly adopted by Renault[913]
for seeds having the form and anatomical features of _Cardiocarpus_
which there is good reason for attributing to _Cordaites_ or to some
allied genus. In view of the fact that the majority of the seeds under
consideration are undoubtedly Cordaitean there is no need to employ
this additional generic name.
_Cyclocarpon_. Fiedler[914] instituted this term for seeds previously
described by Berger as _Cardiocarpon emarginatum_ (fig. 502, B,
now included in _Samaropsis_) and added a new species _Cyclocarpon
nummularium_. Brongniart[915] subsequently described the structure
of two species, _C. tenue_ and _C. nummulare_, which he referred to
Fiedler’s genus, and Bertrand[916] has shown that these differ from
the genus _Cardiocarpus_ in the recurrent course of the bundles given
off from the chalazal strand as in the genus _Rhabdospermum_ (cf.
fig. 501, E). There are no good grounds for retaining the designation
_Cyclocarpon_ for casts and impressions, as the specimens so named are
indistinguishable from impressions referred to _Cordaicarpus_. The
generic name _Cyclocarpus_, retained by Bertrand only for _C. tenuis_
and _C. nummularis_ simply for anatomical reasons, is now altered to
_Cyclospermum_ on the ground that the designation _Cyclocarpon_ has
been used for impressions affording no information with regard to
anatomical features.
_Cycadinocarpus_. Renault[917] transferred to this genus Brongniart’s
species _Cardiocarpus augustodunensis_ on the ground that the vascular
system exhibits in a greater degree than the other types included
by Brongniart in _Cardiocarpus_ a resemblance to that in recent
cycadean seeds. Bertrand[918] confirms Renault’s account and retains
_Cycadinocarpus augustodunensis_ as a species worthy of generic
distinction. A short account of this seed is given on a later page.
_Jordania_. This name was given by Fiedler[919] to compressed
ovate-cordate seeds characterised by a broad membranous border bearing
a superficial resemblance to the seeds of _Bignonia_. The type-species,
_J. bignoniodes_ (fig. 502, I), from the Coal Measures of Saarbrücken
has the form usually associated with the designation _Samaropsis_,
and as the latter term is generally adopted there are no adequate
reasons for the retention of _Jordania_. The name _Jordania_ has also
been applied, by Schenk[920], to fossil Dicotyledonous wood and was
previously used by Boissier[921].
[Illustration: Fig. 499. _Samaropsis emarginata_, from the
Westphalian series, Yorkshire. (Kidston Coll., 4227; × 2.)]
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