The difficulty of recognising the true nature of seed-like impressions is illustrated by some specimens in the Goldenberg collection in Stockholm described by Arber[188] as _Carpolithus Nathorsti_: these consist of pieces of _Sphenopteris_ pinnae probably, as Zeiller suggested, _Sphenopteris Schaumburg-Lippeana_ (Stur) bearing at the ends of the segments of deeply divided pinnules what appeared to be seeds 1 mm. long, oval and longitudinally ribbed, and possibly enclosed in a cupule. Arber considered the ‘seeds’ to be related to _Lagenostoma_, probably belonging to some member of the Lyginopterideae. An examination of the specimens by Nathorst[189] showed that the supposed seeds are collections of spores; but whether the spores of a true Fern or the microspores of a Pteridosperm cannot be determined. _Pterispermostrobus_ Stopes. _Pterispermostrobus bifurcatus_ Stopes. Dr Stopes[190] has recently called attention to a resemblance between specimens from the Westphalian of New Brunswick, described by her as _Pterispermostrobus bifurcatus_, and _Lagenospermum Sinclairi_. The New Brunswick fossil is made the type of a new genus _Pterispermostrobus_, which is employed for fructifications of Pteridosperms that cannot be associated with a known species of parent and may be either seeds or complex male organs borne on a definitely branched rachis. The type-species is represented by a slender axis bearing lateral branches divided into two widely divergent arms each of which bears a terminal body, 4 × 3 mm., characterised by 3–5 apical lobes extending 2 mm. beyond the distal end of the seed-like organ and resembling a cupule. In this as in many other cases it is impossible to determine the true nature of the reproductive bodies, whether they are small seeds or groups of microsporangia: the new generic name serves a useful purpose though it is not always possible definitely to refer doubtful fructifications of this kind to a Pteridosperm. The organs in question may also be compared with _Codonotheca_[191]. _Pterispermostrobus pusillus_ (Nathorst). The name, _Codonotheca pusilla_, is given by Nathorst[192] to some doubtful specimens from the Culm of Spitzbergen representing short stalks bearing linear-lanceolate scale-like bodies, 9–10 mm. long by 1 mm. broad, coalescent at the base. Nathorst compares them with Sellard’s species, _Codonotheca caduca_, but adds that they may be cupules of some Pteridosperm and calls attention to their resemblance to some fossils figured by Carpentier as _Calymmatotheca acuta_. Both Nathorst’s species and the French specimens described by Carpentier[193] as cupules may be referred to Dr Stopes’ genus _Pterispermostrobus_ as their morphological nature cannot be determined. +v.+ _Roots._