The frequency with which petrified fragments of _Lyginopteris_ stems occur in the calcareous nodules of the English coal seams shows that the genus must have been plentifully represented in the Upper Carboniferous vegetation, and the occurrence in both North American[202] and European localities of fronds identical with or closely resembling _Sphenopteris Hoeninghausi_ affords evidence of wide geographical range. Petrified specimens were recorded by Felix[203] from Westphalia in 1886, and Zalessky[204] has recently discovered _Lyginopteris_ in the Donetz coal-basin of Russia. An investigation by Kubart[205] of the calcareous nodules, to which attention was first drawn by Stur, in the Ostrau Coal Measures led to the discovery of several examples of _Lyginopteris_ stems. The descriptions and figures so far published are hardly sufficient to enable us to estimate the degree of relationship to the English type, but some of the stems appear to be new species and Kubart considers them all to be specifically distinct from _Lyginopteris oldhamia_. _Lyginopteris heterangioides_ contains scattered tracheids in the pith and thus affords an interesting transitional type between _Lyginopteris_ and _Heterangium_. In _L. lacunosum_ the inner cortex is lacunar and the primary xylem bundles pursue an independent course in the stele in contrast to the anastomosing arrangement in _L. oldhamia_ and in another Hungarian species _L. tristichum_. The species recorded by Kubart occur in the Millstone grit and the Coal Measures. The geological range of _Lyginopteris_ as represented by petrified stems does not extend beyond the limits of the Carboniferous system. =HETERANGIUM.=