Fossils: A Story of the Rocks and Their Record of Prehistoric LifeMarkman, Harvey C.
Science
Fossils: A Story of the Rocks and Their Record of Prehistoric Life
Markman, Harvey C.
Fossils; Paleontology
Animals found there include many species still living in the locality,
some that have migrated to other territory, and a large number that have
become extinct. Among the latter may be mentioned species that differ
but slightly from living relatives, others that have left no
descendants. Horses, bison, and wolves, though extinct species, were of
relatively modern types. On the other hand the large sloths and
saber-tooth cats seem rather out of place. True cats are represented by
the mountain-lion, bob-cat, and a species of lion which is nearly
one-fourth larger than any of the great cats of the Old World. A
long-legged camel, with a height of approximately eight feet to the top
of the head, was among the native animals of the district. Skunks,
weasels, badgers, squirrels, rabbits, bear, deer, and antelope were more
or less abundant.
The La Brea group exhibited by the Denver Museum of Natural History
includes the following species: horse (_Equus occidentalis_), bison
(_Bison antiquus_), wolf (_Aenocyon dirus_), saber tooth (_Smilodon
californicus_), sloth (_Mylodon harlani_). Horses had entirely
disappeared from the North American continent by the time the first
white man arrived. _Equus occidentalis_ was one of the several species
living during the Pleistocene period, this one apparently being
restricted to California and perhaps adjacent states. _Bison antiquus_
was slightly larger than the plains bison of recent times and had it
horns set at a characteristic different angle. The species was first
described from Kentucky and appears to have had a wide distribution.
The wolves in this group are about the size of timber wolves, but have
heavier skulls with less brain capacity, massive teeth especially
adapted to biting and crushing large bones, and limbs of rather light
construction. They probably assembled in packs where meat was abundant
and, hunting in this fashion, were able to attack and overcome the
larger ungulates and edentates. To most visitors the large ground sloth
is the most interesting animal of the group. This edentate animal is
shown at the edge of the pool with one foot stuck in the “tar.”
The edentates are a group of primitive animals with very simple teeth,
if any. Teeth are usually lacking in the front part of the mouth,
sometimes entirely absent, as among anteaters. Better known living
representatives of the group are the tree sloths, armadillos, and
anteaters of South America. Ground-sloths were prominent among South
American mammals during much of Cenozoic time. During Pliocene and
Miocene time there was a marked tendency to large size, and it was
principally during these two periods that they appeared in the United
States area.
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