Fragments of Science: A Series of Detached Essays, Addresses, and Reviews. V. 1-2Tyndall, John
Science
Fragments of Science: A Series of Detached Essays, Addresses, and Reviews. V. 1-2
Tyndall, John
Chemistry; Physics; Science
We turned to the left, so as to cut across her bows. Five minutes'
pull would have brought us up to her. The officer waved his cap and I
my hat. 'If they could only see us, they might back to us in a
moment.' But they did not see us, or if they did, they paid us no
attention. I returned to the "Urgent," discomfited, but grateful to
the fine fellows who had wrought so hard to carry out my wishes.
Glad of the quiet, in the sober afternoon I took a walk towards Europa
Point. The sky darkened and heavy squalls passed at intervals.
Private theatricals were at the Convent, and the kind and courteous
Governor had sent cards to the eclipse party. I failed in my duty in
not going. St. Michael's Cave is said to rival, if it does not
outrival, the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky. On the 28th Mr. Crookes, Mr.
Carpenter, and myself, guided by a military policeman who understood
his work, explored the cavern. The mouth is about 1,100 feet above
the sea. We zigzagged up to it, and first were led into an aperture
in the rock, at some height above the true entrance of the cave. In
this upper cavern we saw some tall and beautiful stalactite pillars.
The water drips from the roof charged with bicarbonate of lime.
Exposed to the air, the carbonic acid partially escapes, and the
simple carbonate of lime, which is hardly at all soluble in water,
deposits itself as a solid, forming stalactites and stalagmites. Even
the exposure of chalk or limestone water to the open air partially
softens it. A specimen of the Redbourne water exposed by Professors
Graham, Miller, and Hofmann, in a shallow basin, fell from eighteen
degrees to nine degrees of hardness. The softening process of Clark
is virtually a hastening of the natural process. Here, however,
instead of being permitted to evaporate, half the carbonic acid is
appropriated by lime, the half thus taken up, as well as the remaining
half, being precipitated. The solid precipitate is permitted to sink,
and the clear supernatant liquid is limpid soft water.
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