Fragments of Science: A Series of Detached Essays, Addresses, and Reviews. V. 1-2Tyndall, John
Science
Fragments of Science: A Series of Detached Essays, Addresses, and Reviews. V. 1-2
Tyndall, John
Chemistry; Physics; Science
I took with me in 1864 a theodolite to Pontresina, and while there had
to congratulate myself on the aid of my friend Mr. Hirst, who in 1857
did such good service upon the Mer de Glace and its tributaries. We
set out three lines across the Morteratsch glacier, one of which
crossed the ice-stream near the well-known hut of the painter Georgei,
while the two others were staked out, the one above the hut and the
other below it. Calling the highest line A, the line which crossed
the glacier at the hut B, and the lowest line C, the following are the
mean hourly motions of the three lines, deduced from observations
which extended over several days. On each line eleven stakes were
fixed, which are designated by the figures 1, 2, 3, &c. in the
Tables.
Morteratsch Glacier, Line A.
No. of Stake. Hourly Motion.
1 0.35 inch.
2 0.49 inch.
3 0.53 inch.
4 0.54 inch.
5 0.56 inch.
6 0.54 inch.
7 0.52 inch.
8 0.49 inch.
9 0.40 inch.
10 0.29 inch.
11 0.20 inch.
As in all other measurements of this kind, the retarding influence of
the sides of the glacier is manifest: the centre moves with the
greatest velocity.
Morteratsch Glacier, Line B.
No. of Stake. Hourly Motion.
1 0.05 inch.
2 0.14 inch.
3 0.24 inch.
4 0.32 inch.
5 0-41 inch.
6 0.44 inch.
7 0.44 inch.
8 0.45 inch.
9 0.43 inch.
10 0.44 inch.
11 0.44 inch.
The first stake of this line was quite close to the edge of the
glacier, and the ice was thin at the place, hence its slow motion.
Crevasses prevented us from carrying the line sufficiently far across
to render the retardation of the further side of the glacier fully
evident.
Morteratsch Glacier, Line C.
No. of Stake Hourly Motion.
1 0.05 inch.
2 0.09 inch.
3 0.18 inch.
4 0.20 inch.
5 0.25 inch.
6 0.27 inch.
7 0.27 inch.
8 0.30 inch.
9 0.21 inch.
10 0.20 inch.
11 0.16 inch.
Comparing the three lines together, it will be observed that the
velocity diminishes as we descend the glacier. In 100 hours the
maximum motion of three lines respectively is as follows:
Maximum Motion in 100 hours.
Line A 56 inches
Line B 45 inches.
Line C 30 inches.
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