[227] The preceding chapter is based largely on two collections of documents relating to Acadia,--the _Nova Scotia Archives_, or _Selections from the Public Documents of Nova Scotia_, printed in 1869 by the government of that province, and the mass of papers collected by Rev. H. R. Casgrain and printed in the documentary department of _Le Canada-Francais_, a review published under direction of Laval University at Quebec. Abbe Casgrain, with passionate industry, has labored to gather everything in Europe or America that could tell in favor of the French and against the English. Mr. Akins, the editor of the _Nova Scotia Archives_, leans to the other side, so that the two collections supplement each other. Both are copious and valuable. Besides these, I have made use of various documents from the archives of Paris not to be found in either of the above-named collections. CHAPTER X. 1713-1724. SEBASTIEN RALE. Boundary Disputes.--Outposts of Canada.--The Earlier and Later Jesuits.--Religion and Politics.--The Norridgewocks and their Missionary.--A Hollow Peace.--Disputed Land Claims.--Council at Georgetown.--Attitude of Rale.--Minister and Jesuit.--The Indians waver.--An Outbreak.--Covert War.--Indignation against Rale.--War declared.--Governor and Assembly.--Speech of Samuel Sewall.--Penobscots attack Fort St. George.--Reprisal.--Attack on Norridgewock.--Death of Rale. Before the Treaty of Utrecht, the present Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and a part of Maine were collectively called Acadia by the French; but after the treaty gave Acadia to England, they insisted that the name meant only Nova Scotia. The English on their part claimed that the cession of Acadia made them owners, not only of the Nova Scotian peninsula, but of all the country north of it to the St. Lawrence, or at least to the dividing ridge or height of land. This and other disputed questions of boundary were to be settled by commissioners of the two powers; but their meeting was put off for forty years, and then their discussions ended in the Seven Years' War. The claims of the rival nations were in fact so discordant that any attempt to reconcile them must needs produce a fresh quarrel. The treaty had left a choice of evils. To discuss the boundary question meant to renew the war; to leave it unsettled was a source of constant irritation; and while delay staved off a great war, it quickly produced a small one.