At that time certain hermits lived on the isle of Anzersk, where the
farm now stands, in whose "desert" this stranger found a home. There
he took the cowl, and the name of Nikon; but his nature was so rough,
that he was soon engaged in bickering with his chief as he had
bickered with his wife. Eleazar, founder of the desert, desired to
build a church of stone in lieu of his church of pines, and the two
men set out for Moscow to collect some funds. They quarrelled on their
road; they quarrelled on their return. At length, the brethren rose on
the new-comer, expelled him from the desert, placed him in a canoe,
with bread and water, and told him to go whither he pleased, so that
he never came back. Chance threw him on shore at Ki, a rock in Onega
Bay; where he set up a cross, and promised to erect a chapel, if the
virgin whom he served would help him to get rich.
On crossing to the main land, he became the organizer of a band of
hermits on Leather Lake (Kojeozersk) in the province of Olonetz. From
Leather Lake he made his spring into power and fame; for having an
occasion to see the Tsar Alexie on some business, he so impressed that
very poor judge of men that in a few years he was raised to the seats
of Archimandrite, Bishop, Metropolite, and Patriarch.
Combining the pride of Wolsey with the subtlety of Cranmer, Nikon set
his heart on governing the Church with a sharper rod than had been
used by his faint and shadowy predecessors. A burly fellow, flushed of
face, red of nose, and bleary of eye, Nikon resembled a Friesland boor
much more than a Moscovite monk. He revelled in pomp and show; he
swelled with vanity as he sat enthroned in his cathedral near the
Tsar. Feeling a priest's delight in the splendor of the Byzantine
clergy, even under Turkish rule, he sought to model his own ceremonial
rites on those of the Byzantine clergy, not aware that in going back
to the Lower Empire he was seeking guidance from the Greeks in their
corruptest time. His earlier steps were not unwise. Sending out a body
of scribes, he obtained from Mount Athos copies of the most ancient
and authentic sacred books, which he caused to be translated into
Slavonic and compared with the books in ordinary use; and finding that
errors had crept into the text, he bade his scribes prepare for him a
new edition of the Scriptures and Rituals, in which the better
readings should be introduced. But here his merit ends. Nikon knew no
Greek; yet when the work was done for him by others, he proceeded,
with an arrogant frown on his brow, to force his version on the
Church. The Church objected; Nikon called upon the Tsar. The priests
demurred to this intrusion of the civil power; and Nikon handed the
protesting clergy over to the police. Alexie lent him every aid in
carrying out his scheme. Yet the opposition was strong, not only in
town and village, but in the council, in the convent, and in the
Church. Peasants and popes were equally against the changes he
proposed to make.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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