_Bourgeoisie_, or middle class in France, 35; ignorant of art, 35; vastly increased by French system of education, 56, 57; inferior to the French _noblesse_ in field sports and equipages, but not in learning, 59; equal in purity of speech and language, 60 Bright, John, a salmon-fisher, 3 Britain. See Variety in Brittany contrasted with Provence, 434 Browning, Robert, unknown in France, 24; his love for Italy, 72 Burgundy, contrasted with the Morvan district, 436 Byron, Lord, a distinguished swimmer, 3; widely known in France, 24, 408 C Cabinets, government of, in France and England, 110 Cafés, French, maintained by habitués, 237; tend to separate the sexes, 367 Calendar, ought to be international, 124 Canadian society, Mrs. Jameson’s first impression, 81 Carlyle, Thomas, his teaching not followed by the English, 399 Carnot, President, his election a proof of the obedience of the French army to the civil authorities, 94 Caste in France and England, 321; true and false, 322; aristocratic spirit, _ib._; titles, 323; peerage of Tennyson and Victor Hugo, _ib._; strong views of Matthew Arnold, 324; defence of titles by Bagehot, 325; faults of the French _noblesse_, 327; contempt for trade, 328; absence of pure caste in England, 330; new peers, 331; Anglican clergy, _ib._; French clergy and religious orders, 332; military officers in France and England, 334; officials, 335; _Noblesse_, _Bourgeoisie_, _Peuple_, 336; English gentlemen, _ib._; fashionable and educated classes, 337; French peasantry, _ib._; pariahs in England and France, 338; infidels and republicans, _ib._ Catholics, Roman, results of emancipation in England, 125; English sympathies with French Catholics, _ib._; an international religion, 142; social preponderance in France, 153; devotion of Catholic Sisters, 161; genuine and formal, 174; liberal interpretation of the Jesuits, _ib._; dogma of eternal punishment, 175; misrepresentation as to the expulsion of religious orders from France, 191, horror at the marriage of the Protestant clergy, 208; good reputation of the French clergy, 223; observance of Sunday for the protection of labour, 273; incomes of the clergy in France as compared with England, 379 Catholicism in England and France, xii; how far persecuted, xvi Cetewayo, question of England’s right to break his power, 87, 88 Chambers, Robert, self-defence as to the authorship of _Vestiges of Creation_, 196 Changes, dislike of, described by Sir Henry Maine, 120; detested by Mohammedans, Chinese, and Hindus, 120; by women, 121; provoked by old institutions, 129; future, in Great Britain and Ireland, 130 Channel Islands, French jealousy of English occupation, 88 Chauvinisme, a vulgar patriotism, ix