Lancashire, art schools of, 33; a reaction against the industrial age, 34; almost a nation, 426; character of the Lancastrians, _ib._; their energy, encouragement of literature and art, and severe Protestantism, _ib._; connection with the Scotch lowlanders, 427; open to European civilisation, _ib._ Landseer, nothing in common with Rosa Bonheur, 398 Languages, relative study of Latin and Greek in England and France, 15; dignity of the teacher only to be secured by an ancient language, 16; antiquity and mystery, _ib._; proposed abandonment of the ancient for the modern, 18; inferior teachers of English in France, 20; vast improvement in the present study of modern languages in France, 21; in the status of the masters, _ib._; low status of teachers of modern languages in England, 22; difficulties in appreciating foreign poetry, 23; English difficulties in judging French verse, 24; exceptional knowledge of Swinburne, _ib._; rarity of conversational accomplishment in foreign tongues, 25; direction of future studies, _ib._; fail to elevate the mind, 26 Language, English, its musical qualities denied in France, 407 Latin, more studied than Greek in France, 15; antiquity and mystery of the language, 16; sacerdotal and aristocratic, _ib._; gave a dignity to laymen over inferiors and women, 17; proposed abolition in French schools, 18; neglected as a mental discipline, 19, 20; required for the bachelor’s degree necessary to professions, 56 Lecky, unknown in France, 24 Leslie, C. R., his depreciation of continental art, 412 Liberty of thought in religion unfavourable to moral authority, 42 Liberty, in England and France, 112; rule of majorities accepted in England, but not in France, 113; growing hostility of the classes in England, and hatred against Mr. Gladstone, _ib._; approximating to that of the classes in France, 114; opposition of the French Chamber to personal rule, 115; Gambetta, Ferry, Wilson, and Boulanger, 116; English jealousy of Mr. Gladstone, _ib._; Mr. F. Harrison on the autocracy of the House of Commons, _ib._; autocracy of the French Chamber, 117; religious liberty curtailed by political liberty, 118; free discussion in England limited by juries, _ib._ Libraries, private, in France and England, 27; exclusion of indecent books, 219 Literature rendered brilliant by malevolence, ix Literature, French ignorance of English, 24; superseded by science, 28; more influential in England than in France, 399; novelists and playwrights successful in France, 403; English writers known in France only in translations, 408; Russian novels popular in France, 409; English demand for French novels, _ib._ Liverpool, cultivation of the fine arts better than in Rouen or Lyons, 34