Works: _Odes et Poésies diverses_, 1822; _Nouvelles Odes_, 1824; _Odes et Ballades_, 1826, 1828; _les Orientales_, 1829; _les Feuilles d'Automne_, 1831; _les Chants du crépuscule_, 1835; _les Voix intérieures_, 1837; _les Rayons et les ombres_, 1840; _les Châtiments_, 1853; _les Contemplations_, 1856; _la Légende des siècles_, 1859, 1876, 1883; _les Chansons des rues et des bois_, 1865; _l'Année terrible_, 1872; _l'Art d'être grandpère_, 1876; _les Quatre Vents de l'esprit_, 1881; _Toute la lyre_, 1889, 1893. The most convenient form in which they are now to be found is the _ne varietur_ edition of Hetzel-Quantin in 16mo, at two francs a volume; the volumes correspond to those given above, except that the first three are all included in the one _Odes et Ballades_. For reference: Sainte-Beuve, _Portraits contemporains_, vol. i; E. Caro, _Poètes et romanciers_, 1888; A. Barbou, _Victor Hugo_, 1882; E. Dupuy, _Victor Hugo, l'homme et le poète_, 1887; L. Mabilleau, _Victor Hugo_, 1893 ; E. Biré, _Victor Hugo avant 1830_, 1883; _Victor Hugo après 1830_, 2 vols., 1891; _Victor Hugo après 1852_, 1894; A. C. Swinburne, _Victor Hugo_, London, 1886; C. Renouvier, _Victor Hugo, le poète_, 1893; E. Dowden, _Studies in Literature_, London, 1878; E. Faguet, _le Dix-neuvième siècle_, 1887; F. Brunetière, _Évolution de la poésie lyrique_, 2 vols., 1894. 95. LES DJINNS. August, 1828; from _les Orientales_. The poem is especially noteworthy from a technical point of view. The quiet before the descent of the spirits, their approach, their fury, their receding, and the quiet that follows, are suggested by the movement of the lines. The motto is from Dante's _Inferno_, Canto v, 46-49; he is describing the tormented spirits of the carnal malefactors "Who reason subjugate to appetite." Djinns are spirits of Mohammedan popular belief, created of fire, and both good and evil. The vowel is not nasal. 97. 25. PROPHÈTE, Mohammed. 99. ATTENTE. 1828; from _les Orientales_. The motto is Spanish, "I was waiting in despair." 100. EXTASE. November, 1828; from _les Orientales_. The motto is from the Bible, Rev. i, 10. LORSQUE L'ENFANT PARAÎT. May 18, 1830; from _les Feuilles d'Automne_. _Les Feuilles d'Automne_ were largely the reflection of the domestic affections of the poet. He had been married in 1822, and had at this time three children, Léopoldine, Charles, and Victor. 102. 17. ENNEMIS; the reference is doubtless to the literary opponents of Hugo; the struggle between the champion of tradition and the Romanticists brought many personal bitternesses. DANS L'ALCÔVE SOMBRE. Nov. 10, 1831; from _les Feuilles d'Automne_. The motto is from a poem, _la Veillée_, addressed by Sainte-Beuve to Hugo on the birth of his son François-Victor, Oct. 21, 1828. 103. 19. lys, _lis_; this spelling is usual with Victor Hugo and frequent in this century, especially with later writers.