118. "QUAND NOUS HABITIONS TOUS ENSEMBLE." Sept. 4, 1844; from _les Contemplations_. The poet's daughter Léopoldine had married Charles Vacquerie in the summer of 1843. On the fourth of September of the same year she was drowned, together with her husband, in the Seine near Villequier. Her death was a great shock to Hugo, and the few verses that we have from these years are full of the bitterness of loss sweetened by remembrance of happy earlier days. Her memory is everywhere present in the _Contemplations_; compare the following poems. 119. 5. SI JEUNE ENCORE; _jeune_ refers of course to the subject; Hugo was twenty-two when Léopoldine was born. "O SOUVENIRS! PRINTEMPS! AURORE!" Villequier, Sept. 4, 1846; from _les Contemplations_. Notice the date. 120. 2. MONTLIGNON, Saint-Leu, small places just out of Paris to the north. 121. ARIOSTE, Ariosto (1474-1533), a famous Italian poet, author of _Orlando Furioso_. "DEMAIN, DÈS L'AUBE." Sept. 3, 1847; from _les Contemplations_. Notice the date. 21. DEMAIN, i.e. the anniversary of his daughter's death. 122. 2. HARFLEUR, a small town on the Channel coast, a few miles from Havre, near the mouth of the Seine. VENI, VIDI, VIXI. April, 1848; from _les Contemplations_. 123. LE CHANT DE CEUX QUI S'EN VONT SUR MER. Dated: _En mer, 1er août, 1852_. This and the next following poems, from _les Châtiments_, are the expression of the poet's hatred for Napoleon III. This volume was the direct fruit of his exile in consequence of his determined opposition to the imperial ambitions of Napoleon. He had been active in trying to organize resistance after the _coup d'état_, and with difficulty had evaded arrest and escaped to Brussels. After the publication of his denunciatory volume, _Napoléon le Petit_, the Belgian government expelled him. and he took refuge first in England, whence he passed immediately to the island of Jersey, where he arrived on the fifth of August, 1852. In 1855 residence in Jersey was forbidden him and he removed to Guernsey, where he continued to reside till the downfall of Napoleon I. 124. LUNA. July, 1853. 23. L'AN QUATRE-VINGT-ONZE, 1791, the beginning of the French Revolution. 126. LE CHASSEUR NOIR. September, 1853. 27. SAINT ANTOINE; Saint Anthony (250-356) was a native of Upper Egypt, withdrew to the desert, and gave his life up to ascetic devotion in solitude and voluntary poverty. Legend represents him as beset by tempting demons. 128. LUX. December, 1853. 9. Capets; the kings of France from the accession of Hugh Capet in 987 to that of the house of Valois with Philip VI. in 1328 were Capets. 129. ULTIMA VERBA. December, 1853. 4. Mandrin, a notorious bandit, executed in 1755. 130. 3. Louvre, see note p. 318. 22. Sylla, see note p. 319. CHANSON. "_Proscrit, regarde les roses_." May, 1854; from _les Quatre Vents de l'esprit_, livre lyrique. Concerning the inexact rhyme _semai_: _mai_, rare with Hugo, see _Revue politique et littéraire_, July 16, 1881.