His was a perverse nature, endowed with rare gifts which he persistently abused. Pure physical sensation supplied a large part of the material for his poetry, and among the senses it was especially the one that has the remotest association with ideas that he drew upon most constantly--the sense of smell. In his desperate search for new and strange sensations he went the round of violent and exhausting dissipations, and as his senses flagged he spurred them with all sorts of stimulants. Meanwhile he observed himself curiously ; the result in his poems is an impression of peculiarly wilful depravity. They reflect his physical and mental experience, are always without sobriety, often lacking in sanity. The title, _les Fleurs du mal_, is both appropriate and suggestive; they invite no epithets so much as "unhealthy" and "unwholesome." He was extremely fond of Edgar A. Poe, and translated his works. Works: _les Fleurs du mal_, 1857, new edition, 1861; _Oeuvres posthumes_, 1887. For reference : Gautier, _Portraits et souvenirs littéraires_; E. Crépet, _Oeuvres posthumes et correspondance inédite de Ch. Baudelaire, précédées d'une étude biographique_, 1887; Bourget, _Essais de psychologie contemporaine_, 1883, F. Brunetière in _Revue des Deux Mondes_, Sept. 1st, 1892; Henry James, _French Poets and Novelists_, London, 1884; George Saintsbury, _Miscellaneous Essays_, London, 1892. The poems given here are all from _les Fleurs du mal_. 221. 19. BOUCHER; François Boucher (1703-1770) was a painter of pastoral and genre subjects. PIERRE DUPONT. 1821-1870. He enjoyed a moment of great popularity about 1848, paid for since by being too much forgotten. His chansons are simple, sincere, and sweet, breathing a delight in rural life and sympathy with the lot of the poor. Works: Chansons, 1860; _Chansons et poésies_ is the title of the current edition of his poems. For reference: Sainte-Beuve, _Causeries du lundi_, vol. iv. ANDRÉ LEMOYNE. 1822. Has achieved especial success by his poetic descriptions of nature, which proceed from a close and loving observation and a quick responsiveness to her moods. Works: _Stella Maris.--Ecce Homo_, etc., 1860; _les Roses d'Antan_, 1865; _les Charmeuses_, 1867; _Légendes des Bois et Chansons marines_, 1871; _Fleurs des ruines_, 1888; _Fleurs du soir_, 1893. 232. 12. CHANSON MARINE. CAP FRÈHEL, on the north coast of Brittany, just south of the Channel Islands. 24. GRANVILLE and AVRANCHES are small towns on the Channel coast, between St. Malo and Cherbourg. 26. The ORNE and VIRE are small streams flowing northward into the Channel in the same region. THEODORE DE BANVILLE. 1823-1891.