In this race, which is common in Calcutta, the zooecia are almost
circular but truncate or concave anteriorly and posteriorly. They form
linear series with few lateral branches. I have found specimens
occasionally on the shell of _Vivipara bengalensis_, but they are much
more common on the leaves of _Vallisneria spiralis_.
TYPE in the Indian Museum.
The exact status of the forms described by Jullien as _Norodonia
cambodgiensis_ and _N. sinensis_ is doubtful, but I see no reason to
regard them as specifically distinct from _H. lacustris_, Carter, of
which they may be provisionally regarded as varieties. The variety
_cambodgiensis_ is very like my subspecies _moniliformis_ but has the
zooecia constricted posteriorly, while var. _sinensis_, although the
types were found on _Anodonta_ shells on which there was plenty of room
for growth, resemble the confined phase of _H. lacustris_ so far as the
form of their zooecia and of the orifice is concerned.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.--The typical form is common in northern India
and occurs also in Lower Burma; the subspecies _moniliformis_ appears to
be confined to Lower Bengal, while the varieties _cambodgiensis_ and
_sinensis_ both occur in China, the former having been found also in
Cambodia and Siam. Indian and Burmese localities are:--BENGAL, Calcutta
(subsp. _moniliformis_); Berhampur, Murshidabad district (_J. Robertson
Milne_): CENTRAL PROVINCES, Nagpur (_Carter_): UNITED PROVINCES,
Bulandshahr (_H. J. Walton_): BURMA, Pegu-Sittang Canal (_Kirkpatrick_).
BIOLOGY.--Regarding the typical form of the species Major Walton writes
(Rec. Ind. Mus. iii, p. 296):--"In volume i (page 177) of the Records of
the Indian Museum, I described the two forms of colonies of _Hislopia_
that I had found in the United Provinces (Bulandshahr). Of these, one
was a more or less linear arrangement of the zooecia on leaves and
twigs, and the other, and more common, form was an encrusting sheath on
the outer surface of the shells of _Paludina_. During the present
'rains' (July 1908) I have found many examples of what may be considered
a much exaggerated extension of the latter form. These colonies have
been on bricks, tiles, and other submerged objects. The largest colony
that I have seen so far was on a tile; one side of the tile was exposed
above the mud of the bottom of the tank, and its area measured about 120
square inches; the entire surface was almost completely covered by a
continuous growth of _Hislopia_. Another large colony was on a piece of
bark which measured 7 inches by 3 inches; both sides were practically
everywhere covered by _Hislopia_."
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