Shrunken specimens of the less congested forms of this species closely resemble specimens of _P. repens_, but the statoblasts are more variable in shape and the ectocyst, even in such specimens, is thicker. Living or well-preserved specimens cannot be mistaken for those of any other species. Jullien regarded _P. punctata_ as the type of a distinct genus (_Hyalinella_) but included in _Plumatella_ at least one form (P. "_arethusa_") which probably belongs to this species. Kraepelin distinguishes as "varieties" two phases, a summer phase ("var. _prostrata_") and an autumn phase ("var. _densa_"). The former often forms linear series of considerable length with only an occasional side-branch, while in the autumn phase branching is so profuse and the branches are so closely pressed together that the zoarium comes to resemble a uniform gelatinous patch rather than a dendritic growth. A phase resembling the European autumn form is the commonest in Calcutta and I have also found one intermediate between this and Kraepelin's "var. _prostrata_," neither having any seasonal significance in India. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.--_P. punctata_ is widely distributed in Europe and N. America, but in the Oriental Region it has only been found in Calcutta and the neighbourhood. BIOLOGY.--In this part of India _P. punctata_ flourishes both during the "rains" and in winter. I have found specimens in June and July and also in December and January. The majority of them were attached to bricks, but some were on the roots of duckweed, the stems of water-plants, and the tips of creepers falling into water. The species is often found together with _Stolella indica_ and also with other species of its own genus. It is most common, in the neighbourhood of Calcutta, in that part of the town which is near the Salt Lakes, and occurs in ponds the water of which is slightly brackish. Genus 2. STOLELLA, _Annandale_. _Stolella_, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii, p. 279 (1909). _Stolella_, _id._, _ibid._ v, p. 53 (1910). TYPE, _Stolella indica_, Annandale. _Zoarium_. The zoarium consists of groups of zooecia (or occasionally of single zooecia) joined together by an adherent rhizome. There is no gelatinous investment. _Zooecia._ The adult zooecia resemble those of _Plumatella_ except in being sometimes more or less upright. _Polypide_ and _Statoblasts._ The polypide and statoblasts resemble those of _Plumatella_. Fixed as well as free statoblasts occur. This genus is closely allied to _Plumatella_, from which it is probably derived. The root-like tube from which the zooecia arise is formed by the great elongation of the basal part of a zooecium, and the zoaria closely resemble those of _P. punctata_, for it is not until several zooecia have been produced that the characteristic mode of growth becomes apparent. _Stolella_ has only been found in India and is monotypic[BJ]. [Footnote BJ: But see p. 246 (addenda).]