[Footnote BK: Only two species are known, _L. crystallinus_ (Pallas) from Europe and N. America, with oval statoblasts that are produced and pointed at the two ends, and _L. jheringi_, Meissner from Brazil, with irregularly polygonal or nearly circular statoblasts.] Genus 3. LOPHOPODELLA, _Rousselet_. _Lophopodella_, Rousselet, Journ. Quek. Micr. Club (2) ix, p. 45 (1904). _Lophopodella_, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. v, p. 54 (1910). TYPE, _Pectinatella carteri_, Hyatt. _Zoarium._ The zoarium consists of a circular or oval mass of no great size. Polyparia do not form compound colonies. _Polypides._ The polypides lie semi-recumbent in the mass and never stand upright in a vertical position. _Statoblasts._ The statoblasts are of considerable size and normally bear at both ends a series of chitinous processes armed with double rows of small curved spinules. As a rule the genus is easily recognized by means of the statoblasts, but sometimes the processes at the ends of these structures are absent or abortive and it is then difficult to distinguish them from those of _Lophopus_. There is, however, no species of that genus known that has statoblasts shaped like those of the Indian species of _Lophopodella_. Three species of _Lophopodella_, all of which occur in Africa, have been described; _L. capensis_ from S. Africa, which has the ends of the statoblast greatly produced, _L. thomasi_ from Rhodesia, in which they are distinctly concave, and _L. carteri_ from E. Africa, India and Japan, in which they are convex or truncate. The germination of the gemmule and the early stages in the development of the polyparium of _L. capensis_ have been described by Miss Sollas (Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) ii, p. 264, 1908). 37. Lophopodella carteri (_Hyatt_). (Plate III, figs. 4, 4_a_.) _Lophopus_ sp., Carter, Ann. Nat. Hist. (3) iii, p. 335, pl. viii, figs. 8-15 (1859). ? _Lophopus_ sp., Mitchell, Q. J. Micr. Sci. London (3) ii, p. 61 (1862). _Pectinatella carteri_, Hyatt, Comm. Essex Inst. iv, p. 203 (footnote) (1866). _Pectinatella carteri_, Meissner, Die Moosthiere Ost-Afrikas, p. 4 (in Mobius's Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, iv, 1898). _Lophopodella carteri_, Rousselet, Journ. Quek. Micr. Club, (2) ix, p. 47, pl. iii, figs. 6, 7 (1904). _Lophopus carteri_, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. ii, p. 171, fig. 3 (1908). _Lophopodella carteri_, _id._, _ibid._ v, p. 55 (1910). _Zoarium._ The zoarium as a rule has one horizontal axis longer than the other so that it assumes an oval form when the polypides are expanded; when they are retracted its outline is distinctly lobular. Viewed from the side it is mound-shaped. The polypides radiate, as a rule in several circles, from a common centre. The ectocyst is much swollen, hyaline and colourless.