VESICULARIDÆ, 189. Vesicularina, 186, 187, ~189~. _vesicularis_ (_Hyalinella_), 228. _vesicularis_ (_Plumatella_), 227, 228. vesparioides (Tubella), 8, 22, 64, ~120~. vesparium (Tubella), 54. vestita (Bimeria), 22, 139. Victorella, 189, ~194~. Victorellidæ, 191. Victorellides, 191. viridis (Hydra), 147. _vitrea_ (_Hyalinella_), 228. _vitrea_ (_Plumatella_), 227, 228. vulgaris (Hydra), 4, 8, 9, 10, 22, 130, 146, ~148~, 149, 158. whiteleggei (Cordylophora), 141. yunnanensis (Euspongilla) (Spongilla), 53. PLATE I. SPECIMENS OF _Spongilla_ PRESERVED IN SPIRIT. Figs. 1-3. _S. (Euspongilla) alba_ var. _bengalensis_ (nat. size) from ponds of brackish water at Port Canning in the delta of the Ganges. Fig. 1 represents the type-specimen of the variety, and was taken in the winter of 1905-6. Figs. 2 and 3 represent specimens taken in the same ponds in the winters of 1907 and 1908 respectively. Fig. 4. _Spongilla_ sp. (? abnormal form of _S. (Eunapius carteri_)) from an aquarium in Calcutta (× 10). [Illustration: Freshwater Sponges. Plate I. A. C. Chowdhary, del. SPONGILLA.] PLATE II. PHOTOGRAPHS OF DRIED SPECIMENS OF _Spongilla_, _Tubella_, AND _Corvospongilla_. Fig. 1. Part of a large specimen of _S. (Eunapius) carteri_ from Calcutta, to show the conspicuous rounded oscula (reduced). Fig. 2. Gemmules of _S. (Stratospongilla) bombayensis_ on a stone from the edge of Igatpuri Lake, Bombay Presidency (nat. size). Fig. 3. Part of one of the type-specimens of _S. (Stratospongilla) ultima_ from Cape Comorin, Travancore, to show the star-shaped oscula (slightly enlarged). Fig. 4. Part of the type specimen of _T. vesparioides_ (external membrane destroyed), to show the reticulate skeleton and the numerous gemmules (nat. size). Fig. 5. Part of a schizotype of _C. burmanica_ to show the elevated oscula (nat. size). [Illustration: Freshwater Sponges. Plate II. Photo by A. Chowdhary. Spongilla, Tubella, Corvospongilla.] PLATE III. PHOTOGRAPHS OF SPECIMENS OF _Plumatella_, _Lophopodella_, AND _Pectinatella_. Fig. 1. Specimen in spirit of _P. fruticosa_ (typical form) on the leaf of a bulrush from a pond in the Calcutta Zoological Gardens (nat. size). Fig. 2. A small zoarium of the _benedeni_ phase of _P. emarginata_ from Rangoon (nat. size). Part of the mass has been removed at one end to show the structure. The specimen was preserved in spirit. Fig. 3. Part of a large zoarium of _P. diffusa_ on a log of wood from Gangtok, Sikhim (nat. size). An enlarged figure of another part of the same specimen is given in fig. 2, Pl. IV. The specimen was preserved in spirit.