_Spongilla indica_, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. ii, p. 25, figs. 1, 2 (1908). _Sponge_ forming a very thin layer, of a bright green or pale grey colour; surface smooth, minutely hispid; pores and oscula inconspicuous, the latter approached in some instances by radiating furrows; subdermal cavity small; texture compact, rather hard. _Skeleton_ incoherent, somewhat massive owing to the large number of spicules present. Spicules forming triangular meshes and occasionally arranged in vertical lines several spicules broad but without spongin. _Spicules._ Skeleton-spicules straight or nearly straight, slender, cylindrical, amphistrongylous, uniformly covered with minute, sharp spines; flesh-spicules slender, sharply pointed, straight or curved, irregularly covered with relatively long, straight sharp spines, abundant in the dermal membrane, scarce in the substance of the sponge. Gemmule-spicules short, stout, sausage-shaped, covered with minute spines, which are sometimes absent from the extremities. _Gemmules_ spherical, somewhat variable in size, with a single aperture, which is provided with a trumpet-shaped foraminal tubule and is situated at one side of the gemmule in its natural position; the inner chitinous coat devoid of spicules, closely covered by an outer coat composed of a darkly coloured chitinoid substance in which the gemmule-spicules are embedded, lying parallel or almost parallel to the inner coat. The outer coat forms a kind of mantle by means of the skirts of which the gemmule is fastened to the support of the sponge. This coat is pierced by the foraminal tubule. The gemmules are distinct from one another. [Illustration: Fig. 17.--Gemmule of _Spongilla indica_ seen from the side (from type specimen), magnified.] Average length of skeleton-spicules 0.2046 mm. " breadth of skeleton-spicules 0.0172 " " length of flesh-spicules 0.053 " " breadth of flesh-spicules 0.0053 " " length of gemmule-spicules 0.044 " " breadth of gemmule-spicules 0.0079 " _S. indica_ is closely allied to _S. sumatrana_*, Weber, which has been found both in the Malay Archipelago and in East Africa. It may be distinguished by its blunt, almost truncated megascleres and comparatively slender gemmule-spicules. TYPE in the Indian Museum. HABITAT, etc.--Growing, together with _S. cinerea_ and _Corvospongilla lapidosa_, on the stone sides of an artificial conduit in the R. Godaveri at Nasik on the eastern side of the Western Ghats in the Bombay Presidency. The water was extremely dirty and was used for bathing purposes. The sponge was green where the light fell upon it, grey where it was in the shadow of the bridge under which the conduit ran. The only specimens I have seen were taken in November, 1907. 13. Spongilla bombayensis*, _Carter_. (Plate II, fig. 2.)