S Sandia (san-déea). “Watermelon”; also a modern Tiwa-speaking Indian pueblo twelve miles north of Albuquerque occupied since prehistoric times. Sangre de Cristo (sán-gray day crées-to). “Blood of Christ”; refers to a mountain range rising to great heights. San Felipe (san fay-leé-pay). “Saint Phillip”; modern pueblo of the Keres group occupied since prehistoric times. San Gabriel (san gah-breeáyl). First capital of New Mexico; in the vicinity of San Juan Pueblo. San Ildefonso (san ill-day-fáhn-so). Modern Indian village speaking the Tewa language; twenty miles northwest of Santa Fe on the banks of the Rio Grande. San Juan (san hwán). Modern Indian village speaking the Tewa language; about thirty miles northwest of Santa Fe. Not to be mistaken for the San Juan area in northwestern New Mexico. Sankawi (sáng-ka-wee). “Gap of the sharp round cactus”; “place of the round cactus”; prehistoric pueblo northeast of Tyuonyi. Santa Ana (sán-tah ana). Modern Indian village speaking the Keres language. Santo Domingo (sánto do-míng-go). Modern Indian village speaking the Keres language. Shipapolima (she-pa-po-lee-ma). Place where the Zuñi people entered this world; spiritual entrance to the underworld. Sia (see-a). Modern Indian village speaking the Keres language; occupied since prehistoric times. Sipapu (see-pa-poo). Spiritual entrance to the underworld of certain Pueblo Indians; an opening is generally found in the kiva floor and is called Sipapu; similar to Shipapolima. T talus (tay-lus). A slope formed at the base of a cliff by material falling from above. Tanos (táh-nos). Applied to various groups of people who inhabited the country east of the Rio Grande south of the San Ildefonso-Tesuque Tewa region. Tewa (tay-wa). Language spoken by certain Pueblo Indians; they are: San Ildefonso, Nambe, Tesuque, Santa Clara and San Juan. tewatu (tay-wa-too). “Tewa beans”; pinto beans. Tiguex (tee-wesh). Province of prehistoric Indian villages on the banks of the Rio Grande between Bernalillo and Albuquerque, a distance of about seventeen miles. Tiwa (tee-wa). Language spoken by certain groups of Indians; Taos, Picuris, Sandia and Isleta. Towa (toe-wa). Language spoken by Jemez Indians and by those of Pecos before its abandonment in 1837. Tshirege (ser-i-gay). “House of the Bird People”; prehistoric pueblo northeast of Tyuonyi. Tyuonyi (q’own-yee). A word having a signification akin to that of treaty or contract; Frijoles Canyon, Hidden Valley. V viejo (veeáy-ho). “Old”; old man. viga (vee-gah). “Roof beam.”