Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychologyMurray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Science
Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychology
Murray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Fröbel, Friedrich, 1782-1852; Psychology
“Even the child whose capacity for speech is as yet undeveloped
will remark the cause of the fall of the cube, at least
experience has shown us that children of this age drew away the
holding support, and, as the cube then fell over, turned toward
their mother with face and body as in joyous triumph.”--_P., p.
80._
The sphere and cube are also to be compared as to shape:
“Through all that has been done hitherto, the child’s attention
has been predominantly called to the object, as filling space,
and acting, but only incidentally to the object as being the
identical one; nor yet to the figure and shape, nor to the
members and parts. But attention to the form and figure of the
object can also be utilized for the child in play.”--_P., p.
83._
So the mother is directed to hide the cube in her hand and show it
again--so that the child will watch for its reappearance.
“By this play the child is not only again made to notice that
the cube fills space, but his attention is also called to its
precise form; and he will look at it sharply, _unconsciously
comparing_ it with the hand to which his eyes were first
attracted.”--_P., p. 84._
“Each object speaks constantly to man by its qualities and
attributes, and still more to the child, though in mute
speech.… It is essential for the intellectual development
of man that the surroundings should speak to him by their
qualities and attributes.”--_P., p. 95._
Froebel’s “Gift III” is a little box containing eight-inch cubes for
building purposes, and after the child has clearly gained the idea of
“outer object” Froebel says:
“Let us first of all hasten to place ourselves together in
the children’s play corner, and there seek to discover what
attracts the child, or, rather, in what direction he himself
turns his attention, what he would like to do and what he needs
for the purpose. Let us take our place there as quietly and as
unnoticed as possible, observing how the child, between the
ages of one and three years, after he has clearly gained the
idea of “outer object,” has contemplated the form and colour of
the self-contained body which he can handle, has moved it here
and there in his hands, and experimented upon its solidity,
now tries to pull it apart, or at least to alter its form in
order to discover new properties in it, and to find out new
ways of using it. If the little one succeeds in his attempt
to separate the object, we see that he then tries to put the
parts together, to form the whole which he had at first, or to
arrange them in a new whole. We see that he will unweariedly
and quietly repeat this for a long time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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