Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychologyMurray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Science
Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychology
Murray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Fröbel, Friedrich, 1782-1852; Psychology
Froebel writes of one of his early plays:
“It is really important for the human being, especially as
a child, that the essential perceptions of things should be
_repeated frequently_ under different forms, and _if possible
in a particular order_, so that the child may easily learn to
distinguish the essential from the unessential and accidental,
and the abiding from the changing. Unnoticed and unrecognized
though the phenomena are to the child, yet the impression of
them will be certain and firm, and this so much the more when
the repetition has been precise and clear.”--_P., p. 88._
Later, speaking of a child’s earliest attempts at walking, he says:
“The smallest child who begins to exercise the power of
walking, loves to go from place to place--i.e. _he likes to
turn about and to change the relationships in which he stands
to different objects, and in which they stand to him. Through
these changes he seeks self-recognition and self-comprehension,
as well as recognition of the different objects which surround
him, and recognition of his environment as a whole_.”--_P., p.
243._
Dr. Ward requires still more and says that “the unity of a thing” carries
us over to temporal continuity, and this he attributes to “the continuous
presentation of such a group as the bodily self, which makes us infer
continuity of existence, for presentations which have been presented,
removed and re-presented.”
We have seen already that Froebel says the child perceives the ball
“through departing and returning, as a space-filling object, as a body,
just as he perceives himself, his corporeal frame, as a space-filling
object, as a body.” And there is also a quaint, but interesting reference
to something of this kind in one of the earliest Nursery Songs called
“All Gone,” where the mother is distinctly told that she must help her
child to realize continuity through change.
“How can the child understand what you mean when you say ‘It’s
all gone, Baby’? He will not be contented unless you put
meaning into it. What he saw just now he sees no longer, what
was above is below, what was there is just now vanished. Where,
then, has it gone?”
And the baby is supposed to be quieted by the mother’s playful tale of
the present whereabouts of his bread and milk, a German version of the
homely “Down red lane.”
Professor Ward’s last point in the intuition of things is
“substantiality.” “What is it,” he says, “that has thus a beginning and
continues indefinitely?” The answer is that “of all the constituents
of things only one is universally present, that of physical solidity,
which presents itself according to circumstances, as impenetrability,
resistance or weight.… In other words, that which occupies space is
the substantial; the other real constituents are but its properties or
attributes, the marks or manifestations which lead us to expect its
presence.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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