Umra Khan was a younger son of the Khan of Jandol, and a grandson of the Chief of Bajaur who took up arms against us during the Ambela campaign. He quarrelled with his father and was expelled from the country; but returning in 1878 he killed his elder brother, and later, as the result of a year’s successful fighting, he made himself master of Jandol, and eventually brought under his control a tract of country extending from the Dir-Chitral border in the north to the Swat River in the south, and including the whole of Dir, the greater part of Bajaur and a portion of Swat. In 1891 and 1892 the Kabul Government undertook certain operations, which were not particularly successful, to check Umra Khan’s aggressions, and up to the latter year he seems to have been friendly inclined towards the British. In 1892, however, when he was being somewhat pressed, both by the Afghans from without and by rebels within his kingdom, an appeal which he made to the Government of India for assistance in the form of arms and ammunition was refused; and in 1893, as a result of the Durand Mission to Kabul, the territory of Asmar, which he had coveted and seized, and whence he had been driven, was handed over to Afghanistan. All this gave great offence to Umra Khan, and it was shortly after these events that he mixed himself in Chitral affairs—described in their proper place—leading to the despatch of the Chitral Relief Force in 1895 and the resultant operations in Dir and Bajaur. [Sidenote: Detail of the Force] _Chitral Relief Expedition, 1895._—It had been intended to mobilise the First Division as being nearest to the scene of operations; but some of the units of which it was composed were then on service in Waziristan, while the nature of the country to be operated in precluded the employment of others. The force was ultimately composed as hereunder detailed, was placed under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir R. Low, K.C.B., and its base was fixed at Nowshera. FIRST BRIGADE. Brigadier-General Kinloch, C.B. 1st Battalion Bedfordshire Regiment. 1st Battalion King’s Royal Rifles. 15th Sikhs. 37th Dogras. SECOND BRIGADE. Brigadier-General Waterfield. 2nd Battalion K.O.S. Borderers. 1st Battalion Gordon Highlanders. 4th Sikhs. Guides Infantry. THIRD BRIGADE. Brigadier-General Gatacre, D.S.O. 1st Battalion The Buffs. 2nd Battalion Seaforth Highlanders. 25th Punjab Infantry.[70] 2nd Battalion 4th Gurkhas. DIVISIONAL TROOPS. 11th Bengal Lancers. Guides Cavalry. 13th Bengal Infantry.[71] 23rd Pioneers. 15th Field Battery R.A. No. 8 M.B. Royal Artillery. 4 guns, No. 2 Derajat Mountain Battery.