occupation of the Bazar Valley, as the only means of dealing effectively with a situation which was rapidly becoming intolerable, since security of life and property on the Kohat and Peshawar borders was seriously menaced. [Sidenote: Expedition of 1908] By the beginning of 1908 the Government of India saw that military operations must inevitably be undertaken, and proposed that three brigades (one in reserve) should be mobilised in view of an expedition into the Bazar Valley; and on the 13th February Major-General Sir J. Willcocks, who had been appointed to command, moved out from Peshawar. The three brigades were thus constituted: FIRST BRIGADE. Brigadier-General Anderson. 1st Battalion Royal Warwickshire Regiment. 53rd Sikhs. 59th Scinde Rifles. 2nd Battalion 5th Gurkhas. SECOND BRIGADE. Major-General Barrett. 1st Battalion Seaforth Highlanders. 28th Punjabis. 45th Sikhs. 54th Sikhs. THIRD (RESERVE) BRIGADE. Major-General Watkis. 1st Battalion Royal Munster Fusiliers. 1st Battalion 5th Gurkhas. 1st Battalion 6th Gurkhas. 55th Coke’s Rifles. No. 9 Company 2nd Sappers and Miners. 23rd Peshawar Mountain Battery. DIVISIONAL TROOPS. Two Squadrons 19th Lancers. Two Squadrons 37th Lancers. 23rd Sikh Pioneers. 25th Punjabis. No. 3 Mountain Battery. Four Guns, 22nd Derajat Mountain Battery. No. 6 Company 1st Sappers and Miners. 800 Khyber Rifles. The main force, under General Willcocks, left Peshawar on the 13th February, and on the 15th, marching by the Chora Pass, entered the Bazar Valley. The Second Brigade, with some divisional troops, pushed on rapidly through Malikdin Khel country, accompanied by little or no transport and all ranks carrying three days rations on the person, and bivouacked that night near Walai. The latter part of the march was opposed. The First Brigade followed more leisurely, escorting the baggage and supply columns of both brigades, and halted for the night at Chora, sending forward next day the Second Brigade baggage and supplies. On the same day a small column under Colonel Roos-Keppel, political adviser with the force, and composed of a wing of the 2nd Battalion 5th Gurkhas and the Khyber Rifles, left Lundi Kotal, and, marching by the Bazar Pass, arrived that evening at China. There was no opposition en route, but the camps, both here and at Walai, were subjected to the usual “sniping” after nightfall.