Brownsville, Pa., 93, 117 Buffalo, 52, 57, 60, 110; growth of, 61 Burgoyne, General, 32, 37 Burnside, General, 168 Business, increase of, 114, 118 Cambria Steel Company, 83 Cameron hill, 173 Campbell, William and Arthur, 160 Canajoharie, N.Y., 24 Canals, 44; Erie, 7, 46, 48, 50–52; Pennsylvania, 74; Chesapeake and Ohio, 98–101, 107; Delaware and Hudson, 53; at Louisville, Ky., 127 Carlisle, Pa., 71, 79, 132 Carroll, Charles, 101 Carry to Schenectady, the, 19, 22 _Catch-me-if-you-can_, 2 Catskill mountains, 15, 32 Chambersburg, Pa., 71, 132 Champlain, lake, 31, 37 Charlottesville, Va., 142 Chattahoochee river, 179 Chattanooga, Tenn., 135; description of, 173–175 Cherokee Indians, 139, 149 Chesapeake bay, 86 Chesapeake and Ohio canal, 107; building of, 98–101 Chicago, 110 Chickamauga, 174 Chissel, Fort, 135 Cincinnati, Ohio, description of, 123–127 Clark, George Rogers, raises an army, 156; portrait, 157; captures Kaskaskia and Vincennes, 158 Clay, Henry, stories of, 96, 114 Cleveland, Benjamin, 160 Clinch river, 134 Clinton, De Witt, 44, 49; stirs up legislature, 40; portrait, 43; train, 53, 54 Coal, 104, 118, 122, 153, 170, 181 Cohoes, N.Y., 22 Coke ovens, 108 _Columbia, The_, 2 Columbia, Pa., 69, 74, 76 Columbus, Ohio, 94 Conemaugh river, 75, 82 Conestoga creek, 67 Conestoga Traction Company, 70 Conestoga wagons, 77 Connecticut river, 4 Construction, early railway, 105 Cooper, Peter, 106 Cornstalk, 155 Cornwallis, Lord, 158 Cotton, 178 Cumberland, Fort, 89, 90; city of, 93, 95, 102 Cumberland Gap, 142, 148, 150, 152 Cumberland mountains, 134, 142 Cumberland river, 164, 174 Cumberland road, 93 Cunard, Samuel, 2 Cunard line, 2, 8 Dams, use of, 119 Danforth, Mr., and salt making, 27 Deerfield valley, 8 Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, 53 Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, 60 De-o-wain-sta, 23 Detroit, 41, 156 Dickens, Charles, 126 Dinwiddie, Governor, 89 Doak, Rev. Samuel, 160 Dongan, Gov. Thomas, 40 Dunlap’s creek, 96 Dunmore, Lord, 155 Duquesne, Fort, 91 Dutch, in New York, 14, 18, 31 Earle, Mrs. Alice Morse, cited, 55 Easton, Pa., 79 Edward, Fort, 31 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, cited, 1 Empire State Express, 56 England, interest of, in fur trade, 18; railways of, 55 Erie canal, 7, 42, 46, 48, 50–52 Erie, lake, 18, 42, 98 Erie Railroad, 60 Euphrates river, 130 Fairfax, Lord William, 88 Falls of the Ohio, 127, 146, 152 Farms in Pennsylvania, 66 “Feeders” of Erie canal, 52 Ferguson, Patrick, 159 Finley, John, 146, 148 Fishing interests, 104 Flag, perhaps the first American, 34 Flatboats, 117 Floyd, Gen. William, 22 Forbes’s road, 71