Some of the Uredines, as _Trichobasis suaveolens_ and _Coleosporium sonchi_, are generally accompanied by a little orange larva which preys upon the fungus; and in the United States Dr. Bolles informs us that some species of _Æcidium_ are so constantly infested with this red larva that it is scarcely possible to get a good specimen, or to keep it from its sworn enemy. Minute _Anguillidæ_ revel in tufts of mould, and fleshy Agarics, as they pass into decay, become colonies of insect life. Small _Lepidoptera_, belonging to the _Tineina_, appear to have a liking for such _Polyporei_ as _P. sulfureus_ when it becomes dry and hard, or _P. squamosus_ when it has attained a similar condition. _Acari_ and _Psocidæ_ attack dried fungi of all kinds, and speedily reduce them to an unrecognizable powder. III. What are the influences exerted by fungi on other plants? This is a broad subject, but withal an important one, since these influences act indirectly on man as well as on the lower animals. On man, inasmuch as it interferes with the vegetable portion of his food, either by checking its production or depreciating its quality. On the lower animals, since by this means not only is their natural food deteriorated or diminished, but through it injurious effects are liable to be produced by the introduction of minute fungi into the system. These remarks apply mainly to fungi which are parasitic on living plants. On the other hand, the influence of fungi must not be lost sight of as the scavengers of nature when dealing with dead and decaying vegetable matter. Therefore, as in other instances, we have here also good and bad influences intermingled, so that it cannot be said that they are wholly evil, or unmixed good.