or poplars and aspens by _Melampsora populina_, Lév., and _Melampsora tremulæ_, Lév., we cannot say. The species of _Lecythea_ found on willow leaves have decidedly a prejudicial effect on the growth of the affected plant. Floriculture has to contend with many fungoid enemies, which sometimes commit great ravages amongst the choicest flowers. Roses have to contend against the two forms of _Phragmidium mucronatum_ as well as _Asteroma Rosæ_. Still more disastrous is a species of _Erysiphei_, which at first appears like a dense white mould. This is named _Sphærotheca pannosa_. Nor is this all, for _Peronospora sparsa_, when it attacks roses in conservatories, is merciless in its exactions.[l] Sometimes violets will be distorted and spoiled by _Urocystis Violæ_. The garden anemone is freely attacked by _Æcidium quadrifidum_. Orchids are liable to spot from fungi on the leaves, and recently the whole of the choicest hollyhocks have been threatened with destruction by a merciless foe in _Puccinia malvacearum_. This fungus was first made known to the world as an inhabitant of South America many years ago. It seems next to have come into notoriety in the Australian colonies. Then two or three years ago we hear of it for the first time on the continent of Europe, and last year for the first time in any threatening form in our own islands. During the present year its ravages are spreading, until all admirers of hollyhocks begin to feel alarm lest it should entirely exterminate the hollyhock from cultivation. It is common on wild mallows, and cotton cultivators must be on the alert, for there is a probability that other malvaceous plants may suffer.