_Peziza_ are fimicolous, but the allied genus _Ascobolus_, and its own immediate allies, include amongst its species a large majority that are found on dung. If we take the number of species at sixty-four, there are only seven or eight which do not occur on dung, whilst fifty-six are fimicolous. The species of _Sphæria_ which are found on the same substances are also closely allied, and some Continental authors have grouped them under the two proposed genera _Sporormia_ and _Sordaria_, whilst Fuckel[J] proposes a distinct group of _Sphæriacei_, under the name of _Fimicoli_, in which he includes as genera _Coprolepa_, _Hypocopra_, _Delitschia_, _Sporormia_, _Pleophragmia_, _Malinvernia_, _Sordaria_, and _Cercophora_. The two species of _Pilobolus_, and some of _Mucor_, are also found on dung, _Isaria felina_ on that of cats, _Stilbum fimetarium_ and a few other moulds, and amongst Agarics some species of _Coprinus_. Animal substances are not, as a rule, prolific in the production of fungi. _Ascobolus saccharinus_ and one or two others have been found upon old leather. _Onygena_ of two or three species occurs on old horn, hoofs, &c. Cheese, milk, &c., afford a few forms, but the largest number infest dead insects, either under the mouldy form of _Isaria_ or the more perfect condition of _Torrubia_, and occasionally under other forms. Robin[K] has recorded that three species of _Brachinus_, of the order Coleoptera, have been found infected, whilst living, with a minute yellow fungus which he calls _Laboulbenia Rougeti_, and the same species has been noted on other beetles. _Torrubia Melolonthæ_[L] has been described by Tulasne as occurring on the maybug or cockchafer, which is allied to, if not identical with, _Cordyceps Ravenelii_, B. and C., and also that described and figured by M. Fougeroux de Bondaroy.[M] _Torrubia curculionum_, Tul., occurs on several species of beetles, and seems to be by no means uncommon in Brazil and Central America. _Torrubia coespitosa_, Tul., which may be the same as _Cordyceps Sinclairi_, B.,[N] is found on the larvæ of _Orthoptera_ in New Zealand, _Torrubia Miquelii_ on the larvæ of _Cicada_ in Brazil, and _Torrubia sobolifera_ on the pupæ of _Cicada_ in the West Indies. A romantic account is given of this in an extract cited by Dr. Watson in his communication to the Royal Society.[O] "The vegetable fly is found in the island Dominica, and (excepting that it has no wings) resembles the drone, both in size and colour, more than any other English insect. In the month of May it buries itself in the earth and begins to vegetate. By the latter end of July, the tree is arrived at its full growth, and resembles a coral branch, and is about three inches high, and bears several little pods, which, dropping off, become worms, and from thence flies, like the English caterpillar." _Torrubia Taylori_, which grows from the caterpillar of a large moth in Australia, is one of the finest examples of the genus. _Torrubia