The _Ascomycetes_ are represented everywhere, and although certain groups are more tropical than others, they are represented in all collections. The fleshy forms are most prolific in temperate countries, and only a few species of _Peziza_ affect the tropics, yet in elevated districts of hot countries, such as the Himalayas of India, _Peziza_, _Morchella_, and _Geoglossum_ are found. Two or three species of _Morchella_ are found in Kashmir, and at least one or two in Java, where they are used as food. The genus _Cyttaria_ is confined to the southern parts of South America and Tasmania. The United States equal if they do not exceed European states in the number of species of the _Discomycetes_. The _Phacidiacei_ are not confined to temperate regions, but are more rare elsewhere. _Cordierites_ and _Acroseyphus_ (?) are tropical genera, the former extending upwards far into the temperate zone, as _Hysterium_ and _Rhytisma_ descend into the tropics. Amongst the _Sphæriacei_, _Xylaria_ and _Hypoxylon_ are well represented in the tropics, such species as _Xylaria hypoxylon_ and _Xylaria corniformis_ being widely diffused. In West Africa an American species of _Hypoxylon_ is amongst the very few specimens that have ever reached us from the Congo, whilst _H. concentricum_ and _Ustulina vulgaris_ seem to be almost cosmopolitan. _Torrubia_ and _Nectria_ extend into the tropics, but are more plentiful in temperate and sub-tropical countries. _Dothidea_ is well represented in the tropics, whilst of the species of _Sphæria_ proper, only the more prominent have probably been secured by collectors; hence the _Superficiales_ section is better represented than the _Obtectæ_, and the tropical representatives of foliicolous species are but few. _Asterina_, _Micropeltis_, and _Pemphidium_ are more sub-tropical than temperate forms. The _Perisporiacei_ are represented almost everywhere; although species of _Erysiphe_ are confined to temperate regions, the genus _Meliola_ occupies its place in warmer climes. Finally, the _Tuberacei_, which are subterranean in their habits, are limited in distribution, being confined to the temperate zone, never extending far into the cold, and but poorly represented out of Europe. One species of _Mylitta_ occurs in Australia, another in China, and another in the Neilgherries of India; the genus _Paurocotylis_ is found in New Zealand and Ceylon. It is said that a species of _Tuber_ is found in Himalayan regions, but in the United States, as well as in Northern Europe, the _Tuberacei_ are rare.