vraiment notre premier roman; elle est l'ancêtre, la source de tous les autres" (_Le Roman en France_, p. 1). He perhaps grants too much by his admission (p. 27) that "de nos jours _L'Astrée_ est tout à fait oubliée." A useful _Index de "L'Astrée"_ by Saint-Marc Girardin proves that the book has had passionate admirers down to our time: see the _Revue d'Histoire littéraire de la France_ (Paris, 1898), vol. v., pp. 458-483 and 629-646. The _Index_ has an interesting prefatory note by M. Paul Bonnefon. [102] Besides (1) the _princeps_, published at Alcalá de Henares by Juan Gracián in 1585 there are the following editions of the _Galatea_: (2) Lixboa, Impressa con licencia de la Sancta Inquisición, 1590; (3) Paris, Gilles Robinot, 1611; (4) Valladolid, Francisco Fernández de Cordona, 1617; (5) Baeza, Juan Bautista Montoya, 1617; (6) Lisboa, Antonio Álvarez, 1618; (7) Barcelona, Sebastián de Cormellas, 1618; (8) Madrid, Juan de Zúñiga (Francisco Manuel de Mena), 1736; (9) Madrid, la Viuda de Manuel Fernández, 1772; (10) Madrid, Antonio de Sancha, 1784; (11) Madrid, Imprenta de Vega, 1805; (12) Madrid, los hijos de Da. Catalina Piñuela, 1829; (13) Paris, Baudry, 1835; (14) Paris, Baudry, 1841; (15) Madrid, Rivadeneyra, 1846; (16) Madrid, Rivadeneyra, 1863; (17) Madrid, Gaspar y Roig, 1866; (18) Madrid, Álvarez hermanos, 1875; (19) Madrid, Nicolás Moya, 1883. It may be well to state that in Nos. (12), (13), (14), (15), (16) and (17) the _Galatea_ is not printed separately, but forms part of collections of Cervantes's works. It has hitherto been uncertain whether No. (5) really existed or not. It is noted by Nicolás Antonio (_op. cit._, vol. ii., p. 105). This Baeza edition is also mentioned under the heading of _Romans historiques_ by Gordon de Percel who, in all likelihood, simply copied the note from Antonio: see _De l'usage des romans où l'on fait voir leur utilité & leurs differens caracteres avec une_ _Bibliothèque des romans, accompagnée de remarques critiques sur leur choix et leurs éditions_ (Amsterdam, 1734), vol. ii., p. 108. Despite the imprint on the title-page, this work was actually issued at Rouen: see a valuable article in the _Revue d'Histoire littéraire de la France_ (Paris, 1900, vol. vii., pp. 546-589) by M. Paul Bonnefon who describes Gordon de Percel--the pseudonym of the Abbé Nicolas Lenglet du Fresnoy--as an odious example of an odious type, carrying on the _métier d'espion sous couleur d'érudit_. There can now, apparently, be no doubt that an edition of the _Galatea_ was printed at Baeza in 1617, for Rius (_op. cit._, vol. i., p. 104) states that he possesses a letter from the Marqués de Jerez, dated September 14, 1890, in which the writer explicitly says a copy of this edition was stolen from him at Irún. I do not at all understand what Rius can mean by the oracular sentence which immediately precedes this statement: "No tengo noticia de ejemplar alguno, ni sé que nadie la (_i.e._ la edición) haya visto."