[276] This is the orthodox Hippocratic treatment, that of _opposites by opposites_. Contrast the _homoeopathic_ principle which is the basis of our modern methods of _immunisation_ (_similia similibus curentur_, Hahnemann). [277] Lit. _aseptic_. [278] Prodicus of Ceos, a Sophist, contemporary of Socrates. [279] Plato, _Timaeus_, 83-86, _passim_. [280] _cf._ the term _blennorrhoea_, which is still used. [281] _cf._ the Scotch term "colded" for "affected with a cold"; Germ. _erkältet_. [282] The word _theôria_ used here is not the same as our _theory_. It is rather a "contemplation," the process by which a theory is arrived at. _cf._ p. 226, note 2 (305). [283] Erasistratus on the uselessness of the spleen. _cf._ p. 143. [284] The Empirical school, _cf._ p. 193. [285] Enlargement and suppuration (?) of spleen associated with toxaemia or "cacochymy." [286] Lit. "melancholic." [287] _i.e._ the combination of sensible qualities which we call black bile. _cf._ p. 8, note 3 (17). [288] Thus Galen has demonstrated the functions of the spleen both deductively and inductively. For another example of the combined method _cf._ Book III., chaps, i. and ii.; _cf._ also Introd. p. xxxii. [289] _i.e._ its innate heat. [290] Lit. _lecithoid_. [291] Note that there can be "normal" black bile. [292] The term _food_ here means the food as introduced into the stomach; the term _nutriment_ (_trophé_) means the same food in the digested condition, as it is conveyed to the tissues. _cf._ pp. 41-43. Note idea of imperfectly oxidized material being absorbed by the spleen. _cf._ p. 214, note 1 (295). [293] Lit. _choledochous_, bile-receiving. [294] Thus _over-roasting_--shall we say excessive _oxidation_?--produces the abnormal forms of both black and yellow bile. [295] _cf._ p. 277, note 2 (353). [296] _Timaeus_, 82 C-D. [297] _cf._ p. 90, note 1 (137). The term "catarrh" refers to this "running down," which was supposed to take place through the pores of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid into the nose. [298] Now lost. BOOK III I