World War, 1914-1918 -- Campaigns -- Turkey -- Gallipoli Peninsula
The system on which our camp is being modelled is the same as for all
the other beach camps here. An effort is being made to house the men
through the rigours of the winter storms, which no doubt will soon
be upon us. Taking advantage of the sloping ground in the fold of
the gully on the promontory, which increases in height as it extends
inland towards the high land, deep trenches are dug parallel to the
lines of our trenches inshore. They are 7 feet wide, with parapets and
parados 8 feet and 6½ feet high respectively. They should be roofed in
by corrugated iron; some only of them are, however. Corrugated iron
is still a luxury here. Filled sand-bags are then laid on the top,
which should render them shrapnel-proof. As they generally run at right
angles to the line of Turkish artillery fire, a high explosive shell
would explode on the mound of earth thrown up in front of the parapet,
and not in the roof.
Each trench is dug on lower ground than the one in front. The whole
system is being organized by an able technical engineer officer, who
is hard at work from morning to night. His camp is taken as a model.
Although in view of the enemy, its safety against casual shelling,
such as we are daily subjected to, has been demonstrated several
times. Against a heavy bombardment, of course, no trenches are proof.
Shrapnel bullets have spattered harmlessly on his sand-bagged roofs.
High explosive shells bursting full in the middle of his camp have
been caught by the mound of earth in front of the trench. Should the
shell miss one line of trenches, it is caught by the mound of earth in
front of the other line behind. A direct hit on the roof, except from a
howitzer, is almost impossible.
Drains are cut about and around the trenches to catch the water of the
forthcoming heavy rains, and advantage is taken of the formation of
the gullies to make one main drain into which smaller drains can run.
One has only to look at the great boulders of stone standing half in
and half out of the earth all over the high ground of the Peninsula,
and at the large, medium, and small gullies, which are of all kinds of
intricate geographical formations, to realize that at some time of the
year not only a series of ordinary rainfalls, but raging deluges of
water, fall in all-powerful torrents, mercilessly driving all before
them, even great boulders of stone. No trenches, no matter how well
constructed, can withstand heavy driving floods. Let the engineers
first study the formation of the land, pause and reason a little, and
they will see that all this labour will be lost, and their trenches
full to the brim at the first heavy downfall. In dry weather, though,
the system is excellent, and the men inside are very comfortable.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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