General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
In experiments, the animal sensibility of the nerve seems to be
gradually exhausted, and finally ceases. I convinced myself of this
upon the eighth pair of nerves, in making my experiments upon the
injection of black blood into the brain. At the moment the nerve
is raised and drawn to detach it from the carotid with which it is
connected, the animal cries out and is much agitated; but after the
same thing is repeated two or three times, he no longer gives any
signs of pain. If we cease to excite the nerve for an hour or two, the
sensibility returns with great energy, when it is drawn again. These
experiments furnish a result very analogous to that of experiments
relative to the animal contractility of muscles, experiments that are
known to all physiologists.
The animal sensibility of the nerves has a peculiar character which
distinguishes it from that of all the other systems. It is this
character which gives a peculiarity to the pain in these organs, which
does not resemble that which has its seat in the skin, in the mucous
surfaces, &c. What particularly fixed my attention upon the difference
of pain of which each system is the seat, was the question of a man of
great mind and coolness, whose thigh was amputated by Desault; he asked
me, why the pain he felt when the skin was cut, was wholly different
from that which he experienced when the flesh was cut through in which
the nerves, scattered here and there, were divided by the knife, and
why this last sensation differed entirely from that which was felt
when the marrow was divided. This embarrassed me then, when I was
wholly engrossed in surgery, and had studied physiology but little; I
have seen since, however, that it is to be referred to that general
principle of which I have already spoken, and which determines, that as
each system has its peculiar kind of animal sensibility in a natural
state, it has it also in a morbid state, that is to say, in pain.
A very clear proof of this assertion, as it regards the nerves of
animal life, is the peculiar kind of pain that is experienced in the
tic douloureux, a kind that is unlike that of any other system. The
sciatic disease, which has its seat in the nerve of the same name,
has often been confounded with rheumatism, which affects the muscles
or tendinous parts; but the difference of pain alone is sufficient to
distinguish them. Mr. Chaussier has very judiciously taken for the
first character of neuralgia, the nature of the pain. Every one knows
the peculiar sensation of numbness and afterwards of pricking, that is
felt when a superficial nerve, as the cubital, &c. is compressed. No
other organ in the economy gives the same sensation from the same cause.
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